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Przewodnik gramatyczny

Publiczne trasy przewodnika gramatycznego są gotowe na zlokalizowane treści.

A1 Beginner Gramatyka: English

Past Simple czasownika „To Be”

Co to jest?

Formy czasu przeszłego prostego (past simple) czasownika to be to was i were.

Użyj was z:

  • I
  • he
  • she
  • it

Użyj were z:

  • you
  • we
  • they

Przykłady:

  • I was tired.
  • She was at home.
  • We were busy.
  • They were happy.

Formy przeczące to was not i were not.

Typowe formy skrócone to:

  • was not → wasn’t
  • were not → weren’t

Kiedy używać

Użyj czasu przeszłego prostego (past simple) czasownika to be, aby mówić o:

  • stanach przeszłych: I was tired.
  • uczuciach przeszłych: She was nervous.
  • miejscach przeszłych: They were at school.
  • wieku przeszłym: He was ten years old.
  • opisach przeszłych: The room was small.
  • sytuacjach przeszłych: We were very busy.
  • datach i czasach przeszłych: It was Monday.

Struktura

Zdania twierdzące

Podmiot Forma Przykład
I was I was at work.
He / She / It was She was happy.
You / We / They were They were at home.

Struktura:

podmiot + was/were + dopełnienie

  • He was tired.
  • We were late.

Zdania przeczące

Podmiot Forma pełna Forma skrócona
I / He / She / It was not wasn’t
You / We / They were not weren’t

Struktura:

podmiot + was not/were not + dopełnienie

  • I wasn’t hungry.
  • They weren’t ready.

Pytania

Struktura:

Was/Were + podmiot + dopełnienie?

  • Was she at home?
  • Were they tired?
  • Were you busy?

Krótkie odpowiedzi

  • Was he late? — Yes, he was.
  • Was she tired? — No, she wasn’t.
  • Were they at school? — Yes, they were.
  • Were you busy? — No, I wasn’t.

Przykłady

  1. I was very tired yesterday.
  2. She was at the office this morning.
  3. He wasn’t ready for the meeting.
  4. It was cold last night.
  5. We were happy with the result.
  6. You were very quiet yesterday.
  7. They weren’t at home.
  8. Was your brother at school?
  9. Were the shops open?
  10. Where were you last weekend?

Wyjątki

Użyj were zamiast was w niektórych formalnych lub nierealnych wyrażeniach z I, he, she lub it.

  • If I were you, I would wait.
  • I wish she were here.

W nieformalnym angielskim czasami używa się was w tych wyrażeniach, ale were jest formą standardową.

Częste błędy

  1. Niepoprawnie: I were tired yesterday. Poprawnie: I was tired yesterday. Wyjaśnienie: Użyj was z I.

  2. Niepoprawnie: They was at home. Poprawnie: They were at home. Wyjaśnienie: Użyj were z they.

  3. Niepoprawnie: She didn’t be happy. Poprawnie: She wasn’t happy. Wyjaśnienie: Nie używaj didn’t z czasem przeszłym prostym czasownika to be.

  4. Niepoprawnie: Did he was at work? Poprawnie: Was he at work? Wyjaśnienie: Nie używaj did w pytaniach z was lub were.

  5. Niepoprawnie: We wasn’t ready. Poprawnie: We weren’t ready. Wyjaśnienie: Użyj weren’t z we.

  6. Niepoprawnie: Were she at school? Poprawnie: Was she at school? Wyjaśnienie: Użyj was z she.

  7. Niepoprawnie: I was not at home? Poprawnie: Was I not at home? Wyjaśnienie: Umieść was przed podmiotem, aby utworzyć pytanie.

  8. Niepoprawnie: They were not tired? Poprawnie: Weren’t they tired? Wyjaśnienie: W pytaniach umieść were lub weren’t przed podmiotem.