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Граматичний довідник

Правила, закономірності та приклади, згруповані за рівнями — від основ A1 до просунутих структур.

A1 Beginner Граматика: English

Past Simple дієслова “To Be”

Що це?

Форми минулого простого часу дієслова to be — це was і were.

Was вживається з:

  • I
  • he
  • she
  • it

Were вживається з:

  • you
  • we
  • they

Приклади:

  • I was tired.
  • She was at home.
  • We were busy.
  • They were happy.

Заперечні форми — was not і were not.

Поширені короткі форми:

  • was not → wasn’t
  • were not → weren’t

Коли вживати

Минулий простий час дієслова to be вживається для опису:

  • минулих станів: I was tired.
  • минулих почуттів: She was nervous.
  • минулих місць перебування: They were at school.
  • минулого віку: He was ten years old.
  • минулих описів: The room was small.
  • минулих ситуацій: We were very busy.
  • минулих дат і часу: It was Monday.

Структура

Стверджувальні речення

Підмет Форма Приклад
I was I was at work.
He / She / It was She was happy.
You / We / They were They were at home.

Структура:

підмет + was/were + додаток

  • He was tired.
  • We were late.

Заперечні речення

Підмет Повна форма Коротка форма
I / He / She / It was not wasn’t
You / We / They were not weren’t

Структура:

підмет + was not/were not + додаток

  • I wasn’t hungry.
  • They weren’t ready.

Питання

Структура:

Was/Were + підмет + додаток?

  • Was she at home?
  • Were they tired?
  • Were you busy?

Короткі відповіді

  • Was he late? — Yes, he was.
  • Was she tired? — No, she wasn’t.
  • Were they at school? — Yes, they were.
  • Were you busy? — No, I wasn’t.

Приклади

  1. I was very tired yesterday.
  2. She was at the office this morning.
  3. He wasn’t ready for the meeting.
  4. It was cold last night.
  5. We were happy with the result.
  6. You were very quiet yesterday.
  7. They weren’t at home.
  8. Was your brother at school?
  9. Were the shops open?
  10. Where were you last weekend?

Винятки

У деяких формальних або нереальних виразах з I, he, she або it вживається were замість was.

  • If I were you, I would wait.
  • I wish she were here.

У неформальному англійському мовленні в таких виразах іноді вживається was, але were є стандартною формою.

Поширені помилки

  1. Неправильно: I were tired yesterday. Правильно: I was tired yesterday. Пояснення: З I вживається was.

  2. Неправильно: They was at home. Правильно: They were at home. Пояснення: З they вживається were.

  3. Неправильно: She didn’t be happy. Правильно: She wasn’t happy. Пояснення: Не вживайте didn’t з минулим простим часом дієслова to be.

  4. Неправильно: Did he was at work? Правильно: Was he at work? Пояснення: Не вживайте did у питаннях з was або were.

  5. Неправильно: We wasn’t ready. Правильно: We weren’t ready. Пояснення: З we вживається weren’t.

  6. Неправильно: Were she at school? Правильно: Was she at school? Пояснення: З she вживається was.

  7. Неправильно: I was not at home? Правильно: Was I not at home? Пояснення: Щоб утворити питання, поставте was перед підметом.

  8. Неправильно: They were not tired? Правильно: Weren’t they tired? Пояснення: У питаннях ставте were або weren’t перед підметом.