Čo to je?
Be going to sa používa na vyjadrenie budúcich plánov, zámerov a predpovedí založených na súčasných dôkazoch.
Tvorí sa so správnym tvarom slovesa be, za ktorým nasleduje going to a základný tvar slovesa.
- I am going to travel next month.
- She is going to study tonight.
- They are going to move soon.
Tvar slovesa be sa mení podľa podmetu.
Kedy to použiť
Použite be going to na budúci plán alebo zámer, ktorý už bol rozhodnutý.
- I am going to call my mother tonight.
- We are going to buy a new table.
- He is going to start a new job.
Použite be going to na predpoveď založenú na niečom, čo môžete vidieť alebo viete teraz.
- Look at those clouds. It is going to rain.
- That glass is going to fall.
- She studied very hard. She is going to pass the test.
Zvyčajne nepoužívajte going to na rozhodnutie urobené v presnom okamihu rozprávania. Will je bežnejšie pre tento druh rozhodnutia.
- The phone is ringing. I will answer it.
Štruktúra
Kladné vety
Použite:
podmet + am/is/are + going to + základné sloveso
| Podmet | Be | Going to | Základné sloveso |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | am | going to | work |
| he, she, it | is | going to | work |
| you, we, they | are | going to | work |
- I am going to cook dinner.
- She is going to visit her friend.
- We are going to watch a film.
Bežné stiahnuté tvary sú:
- I am → I’m
- he is → he’s
- she is → she’s
- it is → it’s
- you are → you’re
- we are → we’re
- they are → they’re
Záporné vety
Použite:
podmet + am/is/are + not + going to + základné sloveso
- I am not going to stay long.
- He is not going to drive.
- They are not going to come.
Bežné záporné stiahnuté tvary sú:
- is not → isn’t
- are not → aren’t
Neexistuje štandardný stiahnutý tvar pre am not.
Otázky
Použite:
am/is/are + podmet + going to + základné sloveso?
- Are you going to study tonight?
- Is she going to join us?
- Are they going to travel this year?
Krátke odpovede používajú sloveso be.
- Yes, I am.
- No, she isn’t.
- Yes, they are.
Otázkové slová
Použite:
otázkové slovo + am/is/are + podmet + going to + základné sloveso?
- What are you going to cook?
- Where is he going to stay?
- When are they going to leave?
Hlavné sloveso „go“
Sloveso po going to môže byť tiež go.
- We are going to go shopping.
- She is going to go home.
V neformálnej angličtine sa hovoriaci často vyhýbajú opakovaniu going to go, keď je cieľ jasný.
- We are going shopping.
- She is going home.
Príklady
- I am going to clean the kitchen tonight.
- She is going to learn Spanish.
- We are going to visit our family this weekend.
- He is not going to sell his car.
- They are not going to stay at the hotel.
- Are you going to cook dinner?
- What are you going to wear?
- Look at the sky. It is going to snow.
- Be careful! You are going to drop that box.
- The team is going to win because it is playing very well.
Výnimky
Going to zvyčajne opisuje budúci čas, ale sloveso be musí stále súhlasiť s podmetom.
- I am going to work.
- She is going to work.
- They are going to work.
Niektoré slovesá sa bežne nepoužívajú v priebehových tvaroch, ale môžu stále nasledovať po going to v základnom tvare.
- I am going to know the answer soon.
- She is going to understand the problem.
V neformálnej reči sa going to často vyslovuje ako gonna, ale gonna sa zvyčajne v formálnom písaní vyhýba.
- Neformálna reč: I’m gonna call him.
- Štandardné písanie: I’m going to call him.
Časté chyby
-
Nesprávne: I going to study tonight. Správne: I am going to study tonight. Vysvetlenie: Použite správny tvar slovesa be pred going to.
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Nesprávne: She are going to travel. Správne: She is going to travel. Vysvetlenie: Použite is so she.
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Nesprávne: They is going to buy a house. Správne: They are going to buy a house. Vysvetlenie: Použite are s they.
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Nesprávne: He is going to studies tonight. Správne: He is going to study tonight. Vysvetlenie: Použite základný tvar slovesa po going to.
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Nesprávne: Are going to you call her? Správne: Are you going to call her? Vysvetlenie: V otázkach dajte podmet po am, is alebo are.
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Nesprávne: She not is going to come. Správne: She is not going to come. Vysvetlenie: Dajte not po slovese be.
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Nesprávne: Do you going to work tomorrow? Správne: Are you going to work tomorrow? Vysvetlenie: Na tvorbu otázok použite am, is alebo are, nie do.
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Nesprávne: I am going to will call him. Správne: I am going to call him. Vysvetlenie: Nepoužívajte will po going to.