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Gramatický sprievodca

Smerovanie verejného gramatického sprievodcu je pripravené na lokalizovaný obsah.

A1 Beginner Gramatika English

Minulý čas jednoduchý slovesa „to be“

Čo to je?

Minulý čas jednoduchý slovesa to be tvoria tvary was a were.

Was sa používa s:

  • I
  • he
  • she
  • it

Were sa používa s:

  • you
  • we
  • they

Príklady:

  • I was tired.
  • She was at home.
  • We were busy.
  • They were happy.

Záporné tvary sú was not a were not.

Bežné skrátené tvary sú:

  • was not → wasn’t
  • were not → weren’t

Kedy použiť

Minulý čas jednoduchý slovesa to be sa používa na vyjadrenie:

  • minulých stavov: I was tired.
  • minulých pocitov: She was nervous.
  • minulých miest: They were at school.
  • minulého veku: He was ten years old.
  • minulých opisov: The room was small.
  • minulých situácií: We were very busy.
  • minulých dátumov a časov: It was Monday.

Štruktúra

Kladné vety

Podmet Tvar Príklad
I was I was at work.
He / She / It was She was happy.
You / We / They were They were at home.

Štruktúra:

podmet + was/were + doplnok

  • He was tired.
  • We were late.

Záporné vety

Podmet Plný tvar Skrátený tvar
I / He / She / It was not wasn’t
You / We / They were not weren’t

Štruktúra:

podmet + was not/were not + doplnok

  • I wasn’t hungry.
  • They weren’t ready.

Otázky

Štruktúra:

Was/Were + podmet + doplnok?

  • Was she at home?
  • Were they tired?
  • Were you busy?

Krátke odpovede

  • Was he late? — Yes, he was.
  • Was she tired? — No, she wasn’t.
  • Were they at school? — Yes, they were.
  • Were you busy? — No, I wasn’t.

Príklady

  1. I was very tired yesterday.
  2. She was at the office this morning.
  3. He wasn’t ready for the meeting.
  4. It was cold last night.
  5. We were happy with the result.
  6. You were very quiet yesterday.
  7. They weren’t at home.
  8. Was your brother at school?
  9. Were the shops open?
  10. Where were you last weekend?

Výnimky

V niektorých formálnych alebo neskutočných výrazoch s I, he, she alebo it sa používa were namiesto was.

  • If I were you, I would wait.
  • I wish she were here.

V neformálnej angličtine sa v týchto výrazoch niekedy používa was, ale were je štandardný tvar.

Časté chyby

  1. Nesprávne: I were tired yesterday. Správne: I was tired yesterday. Vysvetlenie: S I sa používa was.

  2. Nesprávne: They was at home. Správne: They were at home. Vysvetlenie: S they sa používa were.

  3. Nesprávne: She didn’t be happy. Správne: She wasn’t happy. Vysvetlenie: S minulým časom jednoduchým slovesa to be sa nepoužíva didn’t.

  4. Nesprávne: Did he was at work? Správne: Was he at work? Vysvetlenie: V otázkach s was alebo were sa nepoužíva did.

  5. Nesprávne: We wasn’t ready. Správne: We weren’t ready. Vysvetlenie: S we sa používa weren’t.

  6. Nesprávne: Were she at school? Správne: Was she at school? Vysvetlenie: S she sa používa was.

  7. Nesprávne: I was not at home? Správne: Was I not at home? Vysvetlenie: Pri tvorbe otázky sa was dáva pred podmet.

  8. Nesprávne: They were not tired? Správne: Weren’t they tired? Vysvetlenie: V otázkach sa were alebo weren’t dáva pred podmet.