Vad är det?
Past Simple används för att prata om handlingar, händelser och situationer som började och avslutades i det förflutna.
Exempel:
- I visited my friend yesterday.
- She worked from home last week.
- They went to the cinema.
Regelbundna verb bildar vanligtvis Past Simple med -ed.
- work → worked
- play → played
- clean → cleaned
Oregelbundna verb har speciella förflutna former.
- go → went
- see → saw
- buy → bought
- have → had
När man använder det
Använd Past Simple för:
- avslutade handlingar i det förflutna: I finished the report yesterday.
- en serie avslutade handlingar: She opened the door, walked inside, and sat down.
- tidigare vanor: We played outside every day.
- tidigare situationer som inte längre är sanna: He lived in London for five years.
- handlingar vid en specifik tidpunkt i det förflutna: They arrived at 8 p.m.
Vanliga tidsuttryck för det förflutna inkluderar:
- yesterday
- last night
- last week
- two days ago
- in 2020
- when I was a child
Struktur
Positiva meningar
För regelbundna verb, använd:
subjekt + verb-ed
| Subjekt | Verb | Exempel |
|---|---|---|
| I | worked | I worked yesterday. |
| She | played | She played tennis. |
| They | visited | They visited us. |
För oregelbundna verb, använd den speciella förflutna formen.
| Grundverb | Förfluten form | Exempel |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | We went home. |
| see | saw | I saw Anna. |
| buy | bought | He bought a car. |
| take | took | She took the bus. |
Den förflutna formen är densamma för alla subjekt.
- I worked.
- He worked.
- They worked.
Negativa meningar
Använd:
subjekt + did not + grundverb
Kortformen av did not är didn’t.
- I did not call him.
- She didn’t go to work.
- They didn’t understand the question.
Efter didn’t, använd grundformen av verbet.
Frågor
Använd:
Did + subjekt + grundverb?
- Did you call her?
- Did he finish the task?
- Did they arrive on time?
Korta svar
- Did you see him? — Yes, I did.
- Did she call? — No, she didn’t.
- Did they leave? — Yes, they did.
Stavning av regelbundna verb
| Regel | Grundverb | Förfluten form |
|---|---|---|
| De flesta verb: lägg till -ed | work | worked |
| Verb som slutar på -e: lägg till -d | live | lived |
| Konsonant + y: ändra y till i och lägg till -ed | study | studied |
| Kort betonad vokal + konsonant: dubbla slutkonsonanten | stop | stopped |
Exempel
- I watched a film last night.
- She called me yesterday.
- We visited our grandparents on Sunday.
- He bought a new laptop.
- They didn’t come to the meeting.
- I didn’t understand the question.
- Did you finish your homework?
- Did she take the bus?
- We lived in Calgary for three years.
- He opened the window and turned on the light.
Undantag
Verbet to be använder inte did i Past Simple-frågor och negationer.
- I was tired.
- They were at home.
- She wasn’t ready.
- Were you busy?
Vissa verb är oregelbundna och använder inte -ed.
- come → came
- write → wrote
- make → made
- find → found
Oregelbundna former måste läras in individuellt.
Vanliga misstag
-
Inkorrekt: I goed to work yesterday. Korrekt: I went to work yesterday. Förklaring: Go är oregelbundet. Dess förflutna form är went.
-
Inkorrekt: She didn’t went home. Korrekt: She didn’t go home. Förklaring: Använd grundverbet efter didn’t.
-
Inkorrekt: Did you saw him? Korrekt: Did you see him? Förklaring: Använd grundverbet efter did.
-
Inkorrekt: He work yesterday. Korrekt: He worked yesterday. Förklaring: Använd Past Simple-formen för en avslutad handling i det förflutna.
-
Inkorrekt: They was late. Korrekt: They were late. Förklaring: Använd were med they.
-
Inkorrekt: I didn’t called her. Korrekt: I didn’t call her. Förklaring: Använd inte den förflutna formen efter didn’t.
-
Inkorrekt: Did she finished the task? Korrekt: Did she finish the task? Förklaring: Använd grundformen efter did.
-
Inkorrekt: We studyed English yesterday. Korrekt: We studied English yesterday. Förklaring: Ändra konsonant + y till i innan du lägger till -ed.