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A1 Beginner قواعد English

الماضي البسيط لفعل "to be"

ما هو؟

صيغ الماضي البسيط من to be هي was و were.

استخدم was مع:

  • I
  • he
  • she
  • it

استخدم were مع:

  • you
  • we
  • they

أمثلة:

  • I was tired.
  • She was at home.
  • We were busy.
  • They were happy.

صيغ النفي هي was not و were not.

الصيغ المختصرة الشائعة هي:

  • was not ← wasn’t
  • were not ← weren’t

متى تستخدم

استخدم الماضي البسيط من to be للحديث عن:

  • حالات في الماضي: I was tired.
  • مشاعر في الماضي: She was nervous.
  • أماكن في الماضي: They were at school.
  • أعمار في الماضي: He was ten years old.
  • أوصاف في الماضي: The room was small.
  • مواقف في الماضي: We were very busy.
  • تواريخ وأوقات في الماضي: It was Monday.

البنية

الجمل المثبتة

الفاعل الصيغة مثال
I was I was at work.
He / She / It was She was happy.
You / We / They were They were at home.

البنية:

الفاعل + was/were + المتمم

  • He was tired.
  • We were late.

الجمل المنفية

الفاعل الصيغة الكاملة الصيغة المختصرة
I / He / She / It was not wasn’t
You / We / They were not weren’t

البنية:

الفاعل + was not/were not + المتمم

  • I wasn’t hungry.
  • They weren’t ready.

الأسئلة

البنية:

Was/Were + الفاعل + المتمم؟

  • Was she at home?
  • Were they tired?
  • Were you busy?

الإجابات القصيرة

  • Was he late? — Yes, he was.
  • Was she tired? — No, she wasn’t.
  • Were they at school? — Yes, they were.
  • Were you busy? — No, I wasn’t.

أمثلة

  1. I was very tired yesterday.
  2. She was at the office this morning.
  3. He wasn’t ready for the meeting.
  4. It was cold last night.
  5. We were happy with the result.
  6. You were very quiet yesterday.
  7. They weren’t at home.
  8. Was your brother at school?
  9. Were the shops open?
  10. Where were you last weekend?

استثناءات

استخدم were بدلاً من was في بعض التعبيرات الرسمية أو غير الواقعية مع I، he، she، أو it.

  • If I were you, I would wait.
  • I wish she were here.

في اللغة الإنجليزية غير الرسمية، يُستخدم was أحيانًا في هذه التعبيرات، لكن were هي الصيغة القياسية.

أخطاء شائعة

  1. خطأ: I were tired yesterday. صواب: I was tired yesterday. الشرح: استخدم was مع I.

  2. خطأ: They was at home. صواب: They were at home. الشرح: استخدم were مع they.

  3. خطأ: She didn’t be happy. صواب: She wasn’t happy. الشرح: لا تستخدم didn’t مع الماضي البسيط من to be.

  4. خطأ: Did he was at work? صواب: Was he at work? الشرح: لا تستخدم did في الأسئلة مع was أو were.

  5. خطأ: We wasn’t ready. صواب: We weren’t ready. الشرح: استخدم weren’t مع we.

  6. خطأ: Were she at school? صواب: Was she at school? الشرح: استخدم was مع she.

  7. خطأ: I was not at home? صواب: Was I not at home? الشرح: ضع was قبل الفاعل لتكوين سؤال.

  8. خطأ: They were not tired? صواب: Weren’t they tired? الشرح: في الأسئلة، ضع were أو weren’t قبل الفاعل.