문법 가이드

무엇인가요?

There is와 there are는 어떤 것이 존재하거나 있다는 것을 말할 때 사용합니다.

there is는 다음과 함께 사용합니다:

• 사람이나 사물 하나
• 불가산 명사

there are는 다음과 함께 사용합니다:

• 사람이나 사물 둘 이상

예문:

• There is a book on the table.
• There is some milk in the fridge.
• There are three chairs in the room.

there is의 축약형은 there’s입니다.

• There’s a café near my house.

언제 사용하나요?

there is와 there are는 다음을 말할 때 사용합니다:

• 새로운 정보를 소개할 때
• 장소를 묘사할 때
• 무엇이 이용 가능한지 말할 때
• 사람이나 사물이 몇 명/몇 개 있는지 말할 때
• 사건이나 문제에 대해 말할 때

예문:

• There is a bank next to the station.
• There are two bathrooms in the apartment.
• There is some food in the kitchen.
• There are many people outside.
• There is a problem with the computer.

구조

긍정문

다음을 사용하세요:

there is + 단수 명사

• There is a shop nearby.
• There is one window in the room.

다음을 사용하세요:

there is + 불가산 명사

• There is some water in the bottle.
• There is a lot of traffic today.

다음을 사용하세요:

there are + 복수 명사

• There are two shops nearby.
• There are several windows in the room.

부정문

다음을 사용하세요:

there is not + 단수 또는 불가산 명사

• There is not a pharmacy nearby.
• There is not much time.

축약형은 there isn’t입니다.

다음을 사용하세요:

there are not + 복수 명사

• There are not enough chairs.
• There are not any shops nearby.

축약형은 there aren’t입니다.

의문문

다음을 사용하세요:

Is there + 단수 또는 불가산 명사?

• Is there a bathroom here?
• Is there any coffee left?

다음을 사용하세요:

Are there + 복수 명사?

• Are there any questions?
• Are there two bedrooms?

짧은 대답

• Is there a bank nearby? — Yes, there is.
• Is there any milk? — No, there isn’t.
• Are there any tickets left? — Yes, there are.
• Are there many people? — No, there aren’t.

some과 any 사용하기

some은 주로 긍정문에서 사용합니다.

• There is some bread.
• There are some apples.

any는 주로 부정문과 의문문에서 사용합니다.

• There isn’t any bread.
• Are there any apples?

예문

1. There is a supermarket near my house.
2. There are two cats in the garden.
3. There is some coffee in the kitchen.
4. There isn’t a bus stop on this street.
5. There aren’t any clean cups.
6. Is there a hotel near the airport?
7. Are there any messages for me?
8. There is a lot of traffic this morning.
9. There are several books on the desk.
10. There’s a meeting at three o’clock.

예외

비격식적인 말하기에서 there’s가 때때로 복수 명사 앞에 사용됩니다.

• There’s two people outside.

이것은 대화에서 흔하지만, there are가 표준형입니다.

• There are two people outside.

there is라는 표현은 it is와 같은 의미가 아닙니다.

• There is a café near the station. — A café exists there.
• It is near the station. — A known person or thing is near the station.

과거에는 there was와 there were를 사용하세요.

• There was a problem yesterday.
• There were many people at the event.

흔한 실수

1. 틀림: There are a book on the table. 맞음: There is a book on the table. 설명: 단수 명사와 함께 there is를 사용하세요.

2. 틀림: There is two chairs in the room. 맞음: There are two chairs in the room. 설명: 복수 명사와 함께 there are를 사용하세요.

3. 틀림: There are some milk in the fridge. 맞음: There is some milk in the fridge. 설명: 불가산 명사와 함께 there is를 사용하세요.

4. 틀림: Is there any shops nearby? 맞음: Are there any shops nearby? 설명: 복수 명사와 함께 are there를 사용하세요.

5. 틀림: There isn’t no food. 맞음: There isn’t any food. 설명: 이중 부정을 피하세요. isn’t 뒤에는 any를 사용하세요.

6. 틀림: Are there a bathroom here? 맞음: Is there a bathroom here? 설명: 단수 명사와 함께 is there를 사용하세요.

7. 틀림: It is a problem with the door. 맞음: There is a problem with the door. 설명: 존재하는 것을 소개할 때는 there is를 사용하세요.

8. 틀림: There have many people outside. 맞음: There are many people outside. 설명: 사람이나 사물이 있다고 말할 때는 there have가 아니라 there are를 사용하세요.