یہ کیا ہے؟
Past Simple کا استعمال ان اعمال، واقعات اور حالات کے بارے میں بات کرنے کے لیے کیا جاتا ہے جو ماضی میں شروع ہوئے اور ختم ہوئے۔
مثالیں:
- I visited my friend yesterday.
- She worked from home last week.
- They went to the cinema.
باقاعدہ فعل عام طور پر Past Simple کو -ed کے ساتھ بناتے ہیں۔
- work → worked
- play → played
- clean → cleaned
بے قاعدہ فعل کی خاص ماضی کی شکلیں ہوتی ہیں۔
- go → went
- see → saw
- buy → bought
- have → had
کب استعمال کریں
Past Simple کو ان کے لیے استعمال کریں:
- ماضی میں مکمل ہونے والے اعمال: I finished the report yesterday.
- مکمل اعمال کا سلسلہ: She opened the door, walked inside, and sat down.
- ماضی کی عادات: We played outside every day.
- ماضی کے حالات جو اب درست نہیں: He lived in London for five years.
- ماضی کے مخصوص وقت پر اعمال: They arrived at 8 p.m.
عام ماضی کے وقت کے اظہارات میں شامل ہیں:
- yesterday
- last night
- last week
- two days ago
- in 2020
- when I was a child
ساخت
مثبت جملے
باقاعدہ فعل کے لیے، استعمال کریں:
subject + verb-ed
| Subject | Verb | Example |
|---|---|---|
| I | worked | I worked yesterday. |
| She | played | She played tennis. |
| They | visited | They visited us. |
بے قاعدہ فعل کے لیے، خاص ماضی کی شکل استعمال کریں۔
| Base verb | Past form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | We went home. |
| see | saw | I saw Anna. |
| buy | bought | He bought a car. |
| take | took | She took the bus. |
ماضی کی شکل ہر فاعل کے لیے یکساں ہوتی ہے۔
- I worked.
- He worked.
- They worked.
منفی جملے
استعمال کریں:
subject + did not + base verb
did not کی مختصر شکل didn’t ہے۔
- I did not call him.
- She didn’t go to work.
- They didn’t understand the question.
didn’t کے بعد فعل کی بنیادی شکل استعمال کریں۔
سوالات
استعمال کریں:
Did + subject + base verb?
- Did you call her?
- Did he finish the task?
- Did they arrive on time?
مختصر جوابات
- Did you see him? — Yes, I did.
- Did she call? — No, she didn’t.
- Did they leave? — Yes, they did.
باقاعدہ فعل کی ہجے
| Rule | Base verb | Past form |
|---|---|---|
| زیادہ تر فعل: -ed شامل کریں | work | worked |
| -e پر ختم ہونے والے فعل: -d شامل کریں | live | lived |
| حرفِ صحیح + y: y کو i میں تبدیل کریں اور -ed شامل کریں | study | studied |
| مختصر زور والا حرفِ علت + حرفِ صحیح: آخری حرفِ صحیح کو دہرائیں | stop | stopped |
مثالیں
- I watched a film last night.
- She called me yesterday.
- We visited our grandparents on Sunday.
- He bought a new laptop.
- They didn’t come to the meeting.
- I didn’t understand the question.
- Did you finish your homework?
- Did she take the bus?
- We lived in Calgary for three years.
- He opened the window and turned on the light.
مستثنیات
فعل to be Past Simple کے سوالات اور منفی جملوں میں did استعمال نہیں کرتا۔
- I was tired.
- They were at home.
- She wasn’t ready.
- Were you busy?
کچھ فعل بے قاعدہ ہیں اور -ed استعمال نہیں کرتے۔
- come → came
- write → wrote
- make → made
- find → found
بے قاعدہ شکلیں انفرادی طور پر سیکھنی چاہئیں۔
عام غلطیاں
-
غلط: I goed to work yesterday. درست: I went to work yesterday. وضاحت: Go بے قاعدہ ہے۔ اس کی ماضی کی شکل went ہے۔
-
غلط: She didn’t went home. درست: She didn’t go home. وضاحت: didn’t کے بعد فعل کی بنیادی شکل استعمال کریں۔
-
غلط: Did you saw him? درست: Did you see him? وضاحت: did کے بعد فعل کی بنیادی شکل استعمال کریں۔
-
غلط: He work yesterday. درست: He worked yesterday. وضاحت: مکمل ماضی کے عمل کے لیے Past Simple شکل استعمال کریں۔
-
غلط: They was late. درست: They were late. وضاحت: they کے ساتھ were استعمال کریں۔
-
غلط: I didn’t called her. درست: I didn’t call her. وضاحت: didn’t کے بعد ماضی کی شکل استعمال نہ کریں۔
-
غلط: Did she finished the task? درست: Did she finish the task? وضاحت: did کے بعد بنیادی شکل استعمال کریں۔
-
غلط: We studyed English yesterday. درست: We studied English yesterday. وضاحت: -ed شامل کرنے سے پہلے حرفِ صحیح + y کو i میں تبدیل کریں۔