Hvað er það?
Enskar samanburðir nota oft than og the.
Than er notað á eftir samanburðarlýsingarorði eða atviksorði þegar tveir einstaklingar, hlutir, staðir eða aðstæður eru bornar saman.
- Tom is taller than Ben.
- This car is faster than mine.
Ákveðni greinirinn the er venjulega notaður fyrir framan hástigs-lýsingarorð þegar einn einstaklingur eða hlutur er borinn saman við heilan hóp.
- Anna is the tallest student in the class.
- This is the cheapest option.
Orðið the er líka notað í byggingunni the + comparative, the + comparative til að sýna að tvær breytingar eru tengdar.
- The more you practise, the easier it becomes.
- The earlier we leave, the better.
Hvenær á að nota
Notaðu than á eftir samanburðarformi þegar beint er verið að bera saman tvo hluti.
- My house is bigger than yours.
- Today is warmer than yesterday.
Notaðu the + superlative þegar verið er að bera kennsl á þann einstakling eða hlut sem hefur hæsta eða lægsta stig eiginleika í hópi.
- She is the youngest person in the family.
- It is the most expensive restaurant here.
Notaðu the + comparative, the + comparative þegar ein breyting hefur áhrif á aðra breytingu.
- The faster you drive, the more fuel you use.
- The longer I wait, the more tired I become.
Stuttar setningar með þessari byggingu eru líka algengar.
- The sooner, the better.
- The more, the merrier.
Bygging
Fyrir beinan samanburð:
Subject + be/verb + comparative + than + person/thing
- Jack is older than Sam.
- This train moves faster than that one.
Með more eða less:
Subject + be/verb + more/less + adjective + than + person/thing
- This hotel is more comfortable than the other one.
- The second task is less difficult than the first.
Fyrir hástig:
Subject + be + the + superlative + noun/complement
- Maya is the tallest student in the class.
- This is the most useful tool.
| Form | Example |
|---|---|
| comparative + than | taller than |
| more + adjective + than | more expensive than |
| less + adjective + than | less difficult than |
| the + superlative | the tallest |
| the most + adjective | the most expensive |
Til að sýna tvær tengdar breytingar:
The + comparative + clause, the + comparative + clause
- The older I get, the more patient I become.
- The less you spend, the more you save.
Í þessari sérstöku byggingu er the hluti af samanburðarmynstrinu. Það tilgreinir ekki ákveðið nafnorð á venjulegan hátt eins og ákveðni greinirinn gerir.
Dæmi
- My sister is younger than me.
- This phone is cheaper than that one.
- Her new job is more interesting than her old job.
- Today is less stressful than yesterday.
- Leo is the tallest boy in his family.
- This is the most comfortable chair in the room.
- The earlier we start, the earlier we finish.
- The more you read, the more words you learn.
- The colder it gets, the more clothes I wear.
- The sooner we leave, the better.
Undantekningar
Á eftir than getur enska notað mismunandi fornafnsform eftir stíl og setningagerð.
- She is taller than me.
- She is taller than I am.
Bæði eru algeng og rétt. Seinna formið er venjulega formlegra.
Ákveðni greinirinn er venjulega ekki notaður fyrir framan venjulegt samanburðarlýsingarorð í einföldum samanburði.
- Correct: John is taller than Mike.
- Incorrect: John is the taller than Mike.
Hins vegar getur the birst með samanburðarformi þegar valið er á milli nákvæmlega tveggja einstaklinga eða hluta.
- John is the taller of the two brothers.
Byggingin the + comparative, the + comparative er sérstakt fast samanburðarmynstur.
Algeng mistök
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Incorrect: My car is faster that yours. Correct: My car is faster than yours. Explanation: Notaðu than á eftir samanburðarformi þegar tveir hlutir eru bornir saman.
-
Incorrect: Lisa is taller from Anna. Correct: Lisa is taller than Anna. Explanation: Enska notar venjulega than, ekki from, á eftir samanburðarformi.
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Incorrect: This book is more interesting that the other one. Correct: This book is more interesting than the other one. Explanation: Notaðu than til að kynna seinni hluta samanburðar.
-
Incorrect: He is tallest student in the class. Correct: He is the tallest student in the class. Explanation: Hástigs-lýsingarorð nota venjulega ákveðna greininn the.
-
Incorrect: This is most expensive hotel here. Correct: This is the most expensive hotel here. Explanation: Notaðu the fyrir framan most + adjective í hástigi.
-
Incorrect: More you practise, easier it becomes. Correct: The more you practise, the easier it becomes. Explanation: Notaðu the fyrir framan bæði samanburðarformin í þessari byggingu.
-
Incorrect: The faster you work, you finish sooner. Correct: The faster you work, the sooner you finish. Explanation: Í byggingunni með tengdum breytingum nota báðir hlutar venjulega the + comparative.