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Málfræðileiðarvísir

Leiðir opinbera málfræðileiðarvísisins eru tilbúnar fyrir staðfært efni.

A1 Beginner English málfræði

Það er og Það eru

Hvað er þetta?

There is og there are eru notuð til að segja að eitthvað sé til eða sé til staðar.

Notaðu there is með:

  • einni manneskju eða einum hlut
  • óteljanlegum nafnorðum

Notaðu there are með:

  • tveimur eða fleiri mönnum eða hlutum

Dæmi:

  • There is a book on the table.
  • There is some milk in the fridge.
  • There are three chairs in the room.

Stutta formið af there is er there’s.

  • There’s a café near my house.

Hvenær á að nota

Notaðu there is og there are til að:

  • kynna nýjar upplýsingar
  • lýsa stöðum
  • segja hvað er í boði
  • segja hversu margir eða margt er til staðar
  • tala um atburði eða vandamál

Dæmi:

  • There is a bank next to the station.
  • There are two bathrooms in the apartment.
  • There is some food in the kitchen.
  • There are many people outside.
  • There is a problem with the computer.

Uppbygging

Jákvæðar setningar

Notaðu:

there is + eintöluorð

  • There is a shop nearby.
  • There is one window in the room.

Notaðu:

there is + óteljanlegt nafnorð

  • There is some water in the bottle.
  • There is a lot of traffic today.

Notaðu:

there are + fleirtöluorð

  • There are two shops nearby.
  • There are several windows in the room.
Nafnorðsgerð Uppbygging Dæmi
eintöluorð (teljanlegt) there is + a/an + nafnorð There is a chair here.
óteljanlegt nafnorð there is + nafnorð There is some rice left.
fleirtöluorð there are + nafnorð There are four chairs here.

Neikvæðar setningar

Notaðu:

there is not + eintöluorð eða óteljanlegt nafnorð

  • There is not a pharmacy nearby.
  • There is not much time.

Stutta formið er there isn’t.

Notaðu:

there are not + fleirtöluorð

  • There are not enough chairs.
  • There are not any shops nearby.

Stutta formið er there aren’t.

Spurningar

Notaðu:

Is there + eintöluorð eða óteljanlegt nafnorð?

  • Is there a bathroom here?
  • Is there any coffee left?

Notaðu:

Are there + fleirtöluorð?

  • Are there any questions?
  • Are there two bedrooms?

Stutt svör

  • Is there a bank nearby? — Yes, there is.
  • Is there any milk? — No, there isn’t.
  • Are there any tickets left? — Yes, there are.
  • Are there many people? — No, there aren’t.

Notkun á some og any

Notaðu some aðallega í jákvæðum setningum.

  • There is some bread.
  • There are some apples.

Notaðu any aðallega í neikvæðum setningum og spurningum.

  • There isn’t any bread.
  • Are there any apples?

Dæmi

  1. There is a supermarket near my house.
  2. There are two cats in the garden.
  3. There is some coffee in the kitchen.
  4. There isn’t a bus stop on this street.
  5. There aren’t any clean cups.
  6. Is there a hotel near the airport?
  7. Are there any messages for me?
  8. There is a lot of traffic this morning.
  9. There are several books on the desk.
  10. There’s a meeting at three o’clock.

Undantekningar

Í óformlegu tali er there’s stundum notað fyrir fleirtöluorð.

  • There’s two people outside.

Þetta er algengt í samtali, en there are er staðlaða formið.

  • There are two people outside.

Orðasambandið there is þýðir ekki það sama og it is.

  • There is a café near the station. — A café exists there.
  • It is near the station. — A known person or thing is near the station.

Notaðu there was og there were fyrir þátíð.

  • There was a problem yesterday.
  • There were many people at the event.

Algeng mistök

  1. Rangt: There are a book on the table. Rétt: There is a book on the table. Skýring: Notaðu there is með eintöluorði.

  2. Rangt: There is two chairs in the room. Rétt: There are two chairs in the room. Skýring: Notaðu there are með fleirtöluorðum.

  3. Rangt: There are some milk in the fridge. Rétt: There is some milk in the fridge. Skýring: Notaðu there is með óteljanlegum nafnorðum.

  4. Rangt: Is there any shops nearby? Rétt: Are there any shops nearby? Skýring: Notaðu are there með fleirtöluorðum.

  5. Rangt: There isn’t no food. Rétt: There isn’t any food. Skýring: Forðastu tvöfalda neitun. Notaðu any á eftir isn’t.

  6. Rangt: Are there a bathroom here? Rétt: Is there a bathroom here? Skýring: Notaðu is there með eintöluorði.

  7. Rangt: It is a problem with the door. Rétt: There is a problem with the door. Skýring: Notaðu there is til að kynna eitthvað sem er til.

  8. Rangt: There have many people outside. Rétt: There are many people outside. Skýring: Notaðu there are, ekki there have, til að tala um fólk eða hluti sem eru til staðar.