Hvað er það?
Sögnin to be er notuð til að lýsa fólki, hlutum, stöðum, tilfinningum, aldri, störfum og aðstæðum.
Nútíðarform eru:
- am
- is
- are
Notaðu am með I.
- I am tired.
Notaðu is með he, she og it.
- He is at home.
- She is a teacher.
- It is cold.
Notaðu are með you, we og they.
- You are ready.
- We are friends.
- They are busy.
Hvenær á að nota
Notaðu to be til að tala um:
- sjálfsmynd: I am Daniel.
- störf: She is a nurse.
- aldur: He is twenty years old.
- tilfinningar: We are happy.
- lýsingar: The room is small.
- staðsetningar: They are at work.
- þjóðerni: She is Canadian.
- veður og tíma: It is cold. It is six o’clock.
Notaðu neitunarform til að segja að eitthvað sé ekki satt.
- I am not tired.
- He is not at home.
- They are not ready.
Notaðu spurningar til að spyrja um sjálfsmynd, ástand, staðsetningu, aldur eða lýsingu.
- Are you tired?
- Is she at work?
- Are they students?
Uppbygging
Jákvæðar setningar
Notaðu:
frumlag + am/is/are + fylliliður
| Frumlag | Form | Dæmi |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | I am ready. |
| he / she / it | is | She is busy. |
| you / we / they | are | They are outside. |
Algengar samdrættir eru:
| Fullt form | Stutt form |
|---|---|
| I am | I’m |
| he is | he’s |
| she is | she’s |
| it is | it’s |
| you are | you’re |
| we are | we’re |
| they are | they’re |
Neitunarsetningar
Notaðu:
frumlag + am/is/are + not + fylliliður
| Frumlag | Fullt form | Stutt form |
|---|---|---|
| I | am not | I’m not |
| he / she / it | is not | isn’t |
| you / we / they | are not | aren’t |
Dæmi:
- I’m not hungry.
- She isn’t at home.
- We aren’t late.
Formin he’s not, she’s not, you’re not og they’re not eru líka rétt.
Spurningar
Settu am, is eða are fyrir framan frumlagið.
am/is/are + frumlag + fylliliður?
| Fullyrðing | Spurning |
|---|---|
| You are tired. | Are you tired? |
| She is at work. | Is she at work? |
| They are ready. | Are they ready? |
| I am late. | Am I late? |
Stutt svör
Notaðu am, is eða are í stuttum svörum.
- Are you ready? — Yes, I am.
- Is he at home? — No, he isn’t.
- Are they busy? — Yes, they are.
- Is she a doctor? — No, she isn’t.
Notaðu venjulega ekki jákvæða samdrætti í stuttum svörum.
- Rétt: Yes, I am.
- Rangt: Yes, I’m.
Dæmi
- I am a software developer.
- She is very tired today.
- They are at the bus stop.
- I’m not hungry.
- He isn’t at work.
- We aren’t ready yet.
- Are you from Canada?
- Is your brother at home?
- Are the children tired?
- Why is the door open?
Undantekningar
Notaðu am I not? í formlegum spurningum.
- Am I not invited?
Í daglegu ensku er aren’t I? algengt í neikvæðum spurningum og viðhengjum.
- Aren’t I invited?
- I’m late, aren’t I?
Ekki nota do, does eða did með to be.
- Rétt: Is she tired?
- Rangt: Does she be tired?
Sögnin to be notar ekki sérstaka aðalsögn í einföldum lýsingum.
- She is happy.
- They are at home.
Algeng mistök
-
Rangt: I is tired. Rétt: I am tired. Skýring: Notaðu am með I.
-
Rangt: They is at home. Rétt: They are at home. Skýring: Notaðu are með they.
-
Rangt: She not is ready. Rétt: She is not ready. Skýring: Settu not á eftir is.
-
Rangt: I don’t am hungry. Rétt: I am not hungry. Skýring: Ekki nota do með to be.
-
Rangt: Does he be at work? Rétt: Is he at work? Skýring: Settu is fyrir framan frumlagið til að mynda spurningu.
-
Rangt: Are she tired? Rétt: Is she tired? Skýring: Notaðu is með she.
-
Rangt: Is they ready? Rétt: Are they ready? Skýring: Notaðu are með they.
-
Rangt: Yes, I’m. Rétt: Yes, I am. Skýring: Notaðu venjulega ekki jákvæðan samdrátt í stuttu svari.