Hvað er þetta?
Nútíð (Present Continuous) er notuð til að tala um athafnir sem gerast núna eða í kringum nútímann.
Hún er mynduð með nútíðarmynd af to be og sögn sem endar á -ing.
Dæmi:
- I am working.
- She is reading.
- They are playing outside.
Stuttu formin eru algeng í daglegu ensku.
- I am → I’m
- he is → he’s
- she is → she’s
- it is → it’s
- we are → we’re
- you are → you’re
- they are → they’re
Hvenær á að nota
Notaðu Present Continuous fyrir:
- athafnir sem gerast núna: She is talking on the phone.
- athafnir sem gerast í kringum nútímann: I am reading a new book this week.
- tímabundnar aðstæður: He is staying with friends.
- breytilegar aðstæður: The weather is getting colder.
- fyrirhugaða framtíðaratburði: We are meeting them tomorrow.
- endurteknar athafnir sem eru pirrandi, oft með always: He is always losing his keys.
Uppbygging
Jákvæðar setningar
Notaðu:
subject + am/is/are + verb-ing
| Subject | Form of to be | Verb | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | am | working | I am working. |
| He / She / It | is | working | She is working. |
| You / We / They | are | working | They are working. |
Neikvæðar setningar
Notaðu:
subject + am/is/are + not + verb-ing
| Subject | Full form | Short form |
|---|---|---|
| I | am not working | I’m not working |
| He / She / It | is not working | isn’t working |
| You / We / They | are not working | aren’t working |
Dæmi:
- I’m not sleeping.
- He isn’t listening.
- We aren’t waiting.
Spurningar
Notaðu:
Am/Is/Are + subject + verb-ing?
- Am I speaking too quickly?
- Is she working today?
- Are they coming with us?
Stutt svör
- Are you studying? — Yes, I am.
- Is he sleeping? — No, he isn’t.
- Are they waiting? — Yes, they are.
Stafsetning -ing forma
| Regla | Grunnsögn | -ing form |
|---|---|---|
| Flestar sagnir: bættu við -ing | work | working |
| Sagnir sem enda á hljóðlátu -e: fjarlægðu -e | make | making |
| Stutt sérhljóð + samhljóði: tvöfaldaðu lokasamhljóðann | run | running |
| Sagnir sem enda á -ie: breyttu -ie í -y | lie | lying |
Dæmi
- I am writing an email.
- She is cooking dinner.
- They are playing in the garden.
- We aren’t watching television.
- He isn’t working today.
- Are you waiting for the bus?
- Is your brother sleeping?
- The weather is getting warmer.
- I am staying with my parents this week.
- We are meeting Sarah tomorrow evening.
Undantekningar
Sumar sagnir eru venjulega ekki notaðar í samfelldum myndum vegna þess að þær lýsa ástandi, hugsunum, tilfinningum, eign eða skynjun.
Algeng dæmi eru:
- know
- believe
- understand
- want
- need
- like
- love
- hate
- own
- belong
Notaðu Present Simple með þessum merkingum.
- Rétt: I know the answer.
- Rangt: I am knowing the answer.
- Rétt: She wants some water.
- Rangt: She is wanting some water.
Sumar sagnir geta verið notaðar í báðum myndum þegar merking þeirra breytist.
- I think he is right. — Þetta er skoðun mín.
- I am thinking about the problem. — Þetta er andleg athöfn sem gerist núna.
Algeng mistök
-
Rangt: She working now. Rétt: She is working now. Skýring: Notaðu am, is eða are fyrir -ing sögnina.
-
Rangt: I am work today. Rétt: I am working today. Skýring: Notaðu -ing formið á eftir am.
-
Rangt: They is playing outside. Rétt: They are playing outside. Skýring: Notaðu are með they.
-
Rangt: He is play football. Rétt: He is playing football. Skýring: Bættu -ing við aðalsögnina.
-
Rangt: Are she studying? Rétt: Is she studying? Skýring: Notaðu is með she.
-
Rangt: I don’t working now. Rétt: I’m not working now. Skýring: Notaðu am not, ekki don’t, í neikvæðum setningum í Present Continuous.
-
Rangt: Does he sleeping? Rétt: Is he sleeping? Skýring: Ekki nota does í spurningum í Present Continuous.
-
Rangt: She is makeing dinner. Rétt: She is making dinner. Skýring: Fjarlægðu hljóðláta -e áður en þú bætir við -ing.