Što su prijedlozi?
Prijedlozi su kratke riječi koje povezuju imenicu ili zamjenicu s drugim dijelom rečenice.
Često pokazuju:
- mjesto: in, on, under, next to
- vrijeme: at, on, in
- kretanje: to, into, from
- položaj ili smjer: behind, between, across
Primjeri:
- The keys are on the table.
- We meet at six.
- She walked to the station.
- The cat is under the chair.
Kada ih koristiti
Koristite prijedloge mjesta da pokažete gdje se nešto nalazi.
- in the room
- on the desk
- under the bed
- next to the window
- between two buildings
Koristite prijedloge vremena da pokažete kada se nešto događa.
- at five o’clock
- on Monday
- in July
Koristite prijedloge kretanja da pokažete smjer.
- go to school
- walk into the room
- come from Canada
- run across the street
Struktura
Prijedlog obično dolazi ispred imenice, zamjenice ili imenske fraze.
prijedlog + imenica ili zamjenica
- in the kitchen
- with my friend
- behind them
- after work
Uobičajeni prijedlozi mjesta
| Prijedlog | Upotreba | Primjer |
|---|---|---|
| in | unutar područja ili prostora | The milk is in the fridge. |
| on | dodirivanje površine | The book is on the table. |
| at | određena točka ili mjesto | She is at the bus stop. |
| under | niže od nečega | The shoes are under the bed. |
| above | više od nečega | The picture is above the sofa. |
| behind | straga od nečega | The garden is behind the house. |
| in front of | ispred nečega | The car is in front of the building. |
| next to | pokraj nečega | The bank is next to the shop. |
| between | u sredini između dviju stvari | The café is between the bank and the hotel. |
| near | blizu nečega | We live near the station. |
Uobičajeni prijedlozi vremena
| Prijedlog | Upotreba | Primjer |
|---|---|---|
| at | točno vrijeme | at 7:30 |
| on | dani i datumi | on Friday |
| in | mjeseci, godine, godišnja doba, dulja razdoblja | in August |
| before | ranije od nekog vremena | before dinner |
| after | kasnije od nekog vremena | after work |
| during | unutar razdoblja ili događaja | during the meeting |
Uobičajeni prijedlozi kretanja
| Prijedlog | Upotreba | Primjer |
|---|---|---|
| to | prema odredištu | We went to the park. |
| from | početna točka | She came from work. |
| into | kretanje izvana prema unutra | He walked into the room. |
| out of | kretanje iznutra prema van | They ran out of the house. |
| across | s jedne strane na drugu | We walked across the bridge. |
| through | od jednog dijela nečega do drugog | The train went through the tunnel. |
| along | prateći liniju ili put | They walked along the river. |
| past | prolazeći pokraj nečega | She drove past the school. |
Primjeri
- The phone is on the desk.
- She is waiting at the station.
- We live in a small apartment.
- The dog is under the table.
- I have a meeting on Tuesday.
- They moved here in 2024.
- He arrived at nine o’clock.
- She walked into the kitchen.
- We drove across the bridge.
- The supermarket is next to the bank.
Iznimke
Neki izrazi koriste fiksne prijedloge i moraju se naučiti kao cijele fraze.
- at home
- at work
- by car
- on foot
- in bed
- on time
- interested in
- good at
Prijedlozi se mogu razlikovati između jezika, pa izravan prijevod nije uvijek točan.
Neki glagoli ne koriste prijedlog u engleskom jeziku.
- Točno: enter the room
- Netočno: enter into the room
Međutim, go into the room je točno jer into pokazuje kretanje.
Česte pogreške
-
Netočno: I am in home. Točno: I am at home. Objašnjenje: Koristite fiksni izraz at home.
-
Netočno: We will meet in Monday. Točno: We will meet on Monday. Objašnjenje: Koristite on s danima.
-
Netočno: The meeting starts on 8:00. Točno: The meeting starts at 8:00. Objašnjenje: Koristite at s točnim vremenom.
-
Netočno: She was born on 1995. Točno: She was born in 1995. Objašnjenje: Koristite in s godinama.
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Netočno: The cat is in the table. Točno: The cat is under the table. Objašnjenje: Koristite prijedlog koji točno opisuje položaj.
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Netočno: He went in the room. Točno: He went into the room. Objašnjenje: Koristite into za kretanje izvana prema unutra.
-
Netočno: We arrived to the airport. Točno: We arrived at the airport. Objašnjenje: Koristite arrive at za određeno mjesto.
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Netočno: She entered into the office. Točno: She entered the office. Objašnjenje: Glagol enter obično ne treba into.