Što je to?
Prošlo jednostavno vrijeme (Past Simple) koristi se za govor o radnjama, događajima i situacijama koje su započele i završile u prošlosti.
Primjeri:
- I visited my friend yesterday.
- She worked from home last week.
- They went to the cinema.
Pravilni glagoli obično tvore Past Simple s nastavkom -ed.
- work → worked
- play → played
- clean → cleaned
Nepravilni glagoli imaju posebne oblike za prošlost.
- go → went
- see → saw
- buy → bought
- have → had
Kada se koristi
Koristite Past Simple za:
- završene radnje u prošlosti: I finished the report yesterday.
- niz završenih radnji: She opened the door, walked inside, and sat down.
- prošle navike: We played outside every day.
- prošle situacije koje više nisu istinite: He lived in London for five years.
- radnje u određeno vrijeme u prošlosti: They arrived at 8 p.m.
Uobičajeni vremenski izrazi za prošlost uključuju:
- yesterday
- last night
- last week
- two days ago
- in 2020
- when I was a child
Struktura
Potvrdne rečenice
Za pravilne glagole koristite:
subjekt + glagol s nastavkom -ed
| Subjekt | Glagol | Primjer |
|---|---|---|
| I | worked | I worked yesterday. |
| She | played | She played tennis. |
| They | visited | They visited us. |
Za nepravilne glagole koristite poseban oblik za prošlost.
| Osnovni glagol | Oblik za prošlost | Primjer |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | We went home. |
| see | saw | I saw Anna. |
| buy | bought | He bought a car. |
| take | took | She took the bus. |
Oblik za prošlost isti je za sve subjekte.
- I worked.
- He worked.
- They worked.
Niječne rečenice
Koristite:
subjekt + did not + osnovni glagol
Kratki oblik od did not je didn’t.
- I did not call him.
- She didn’t go to work.
- They didn’t understand the question.
Nakon didn’t koristite osnovni oblik glagola.
Pitanja
Koristite:
Did + subjekt + osnovni glagol?
- Did you call her?
- Did he finish the task?
- Did they arrive on time?
Kratki odgovori
- Did you see him? — Yes, I did.
- Did she call? — No, she didn’t.
- Did they leave? — Yes, they did.
Pravopis pravilnih glagola
| Pravilo | Osnovni glagol | Oblik za prošlost |
|---|---|---|
| Većina glagola: dodajte -ed | work | worked |
| Glagoli koji završavaju na -e: dodajte -d | live | lived |
| Suglasnik + y: promijenite y u i i dodajte -ed | study | studied |
| Kratki naglašeni samoglasnik + suglasnik: udvostručite završni suglasnik | stop | stopped |
Primjeri
- I watched a film last night.
- She called me yesterday.
- We visited our grandparents on Sunday.
- He bought a new laptop.
- They didn’t come to the meeting.
- I didn’t understand the question.
- Did you finish your homework?
- Did she take the bus?
- We lived in Calgary for three years.
- He opened the window and turned on the light.
Iznimke
Glagol to be ne koristi did u pitanjima i niječnim rečenicama u Past Simpleu.
- I was tired.
- They were at home.
- She wasn’t ready.
- Were you busy?
Neki glagoli su nepravilni i ne koriste -ed.
- come → came
- write → wrote
- make → made
- find → found
Nepravilne oblike treba naučiti pojedinačno.
Česte pogreške
-
Netočno: I goed to work yesterday. Točno: I went to work yesterday. Objašnjenje: Go je nepravilan. Njegov oblik za prošlost je went.
-
Netočno: She didn’t went home. Točno: She didn’t go home. Objašnjenje: Koristite osnovni glagol nakon didn’t.
-
Netočno: Did you saw him? Točno: Did you see him? Objašnjenje: Koristite osnovni glagol nakon did.
-
Netočno: He work yesterday. Točno: He worked yesterday. Objašnjenje: Koristite Past Simple oblik za završenu radnju u prošlosti.
-
Netočno: They was late. Točno: They were late. Objašnjenje: Koristite were s they.
-
Netočno: I didn’t called her. Točno: I didn’t call her. Objašnjenje: Nemojte koristiti oblik za prošlost nakon didn’t.
-
Netočno: Did she finished the task? Točno: Did she finish the task? Objašnjenje: Koristite osnovni oblik nakon did.
-
Netočno: We studyed English yesterday. Točno: We studied English yesterday. Objašnjenje: Promijenite suglasnik + y u i prije dodavanja -ed.