Vodič za gramatiku

Što je to?

There is i there are koriste se za reći da nešto postoji ili je prisutno.

Koristite there is s:

• jednom osobom ili stvari
• nebrojivim imenicama

Koristite there are s:

• dvije ili više osoba ili stvari

Primjeri:

• There is a book on the table.
• There is some milk in the fridge.
• There are three chairs in the room.

Kratki oblik od there is je there’s.

• There’s a café near my house.

Kada koristiti

Koristite there is i there are da:

• predstavite nove informacije
• opišete mjesta
• kažete što je dostupno
• kažete koliko je ljudi ili stvari prisutno
• govorite o događajima ili problemima

Primjeri:

• There is a bank next to the station.
• There are two bathrooms in the apartment.
• There is some food in the kitchen.
• There are many people outside.
• There is a problem with the computer.

Struktura

Potvrdne rečenice

Koristite:

there is + jednina imenice

• There is a shop nearby.
• There is one window in the room.

Koristite:

there is + nebrojiva imenica

• There is some water in the bottle.
• There is a lot of traffic today.

Koristite:

there are + množina imenice

• There are two shops nearby.
• There are several windows in the room.

Niječne rečenice

Koristite:

there is not + jednina ili nebrojiva imenica

• There is not a pharmacy nearby.
• There is not much time.

Kratki oblik je there isn’t.

Koristite:

there are not + množina imenice

• There are not enough chairs.
• There are not any shops nearby.

Kratki oblik je there aren’t.

Pitanja

Koristite:

Is there + jednina ili nebrojiva imenica?

• Is there a bathroom here?
• Is there any coffee left?

Koristite:

Are there + množina imenice?

• Are there any questions?
• Are there two bedrooms?

Kratki odgovori

• Is there a bank nearby? — Yes, there is.
• Is there any milk? — No, there isn’t.
• Are there any tickets left? — Yes, there are.
• Are there many people? — No, there aren’t.

Korištenje some i any

Koristite some uglavnom u potvrdnim rečenicama.

• There is some bread.
• There are some apples.

Koristite any uglavnom u niječnim rečenicama i pitanjima.

• There isn’t any bread.
• Are there any apples?

Primjeri

1. There is a supermarket near my house.
2. There are two cats in the garden.
3. There is some coffee in the kitchen.
4. There isn’t a bus stop on this street.
5. There aren’t any clean cups.
6. Is there a hotel near the airport?
7. Are there any messages for me?
8. There is a lot of traffic this morning.
9. There are several books on the desk.
10. There’s a meeting at three o’clock.

Iznimke

U neformalnom govoru, there’s se ponekad koristi ispred imenice u množini.

• There’s two people outside.

To je uobičajeno u razgovoru, ali there are je standardni oblik.

• There are two people outside.

Fraza there is ne znači isto što i it is.

• There is a café near the station. — A café exists there.
• It is near the station. — A known person or thing is near the station.

Koristite there was i there were za prošlost.

• There was a problem yesterday.
• There were many people at the event.

Česte pogreške

1. Netočno: There are a book on the table. Točno: There is a book on the table. Objašnjenje: Koristite there is s imenicom u jednini.

2. Netočno: There is two chairs in the room. Točno: There are two chairs in the room. Objašnjenje: Koristite there are s imenicama u množini.

3. Netočno: There are some milk in the fridge. Točno: There is some milk in the fridge. Objašnjenje: Koristite there is s nebrojivim imenicama.

4. Netočno: Is there any shops nearby? Točno: Are there any shops nearby? Objašnjenje: Koristite are there s imenicama u množini.

5. Netočno: There isn’t no food. Točno: There isn’t any food. Objašnjenje: Izbjegavajte dvostruku negaciju. Koristite any nakon isn’t.

6. Netočno: Are there a bathroom here? Točno: Is there a bathroom here? Objašnjenje: Koristite is there s imenicom u jednini.

7. Netočno: It is a problem with the door. Točno: There is a problem with the door. Objašnjenje: Koristite there is da predstavite nešto što postoji.

8. Netočno: There have many people outside. Točno: There are many people outside. Objašnjenje: Koristite there are, ne there have, za govor o ljudima ili stvarima koje su prisutne.