Vodič za gramatiku

Što je to?

Engleske usporedbe često koriste than i the.

Than se koristi nakon komparativa pridjeva ili priloga kada se uspoređuju dvije osobe, stvari, mjesta ili situacije.

• Tom is taller than Ben.
• This car is faster than mine.

Određeni član the obično se koristi ispred superlativa pridjeva kada se jedna osoba ili stvar uspoređuje s cijelom skupinom.

• Anna is the tallest student in the class.
• This is the cheapest option.

Riječ the također se koristi u strukturi the + komparativ, the + komparativ kako bi se pokazalo da su dvije promjene povezane.

• The more you practise, the easier it becomes.
• The earlier we leave, the better.

Kada koristiti

Koristite than nakon komparativnog oblika kada izravno uspoređujete dvije stvari.

• My house is bigger than yours.
• Today is warmer than yesterday.

Koristite the + superlativ kada označavate osobu ili stvar s najvišim ili najnižim stupnjem neke kvalitete u skupini.

• She is the youngest person in the family.
• It is the most expensive restaurant here.

Koristite the + komparativ, the + komparativ kada jedna promjena utječe na drugu promjenu.

• The faster you drive, the more fuel you use.
• The longer I wait, the more tired I become.

Kratki izrazi s ovom strukturom također su česti.

• The sooner, the better.
• The more, the merrier.

Struktura

Za izravnu usporedbu:

Subjekt + be/glagol + komparativ + than + osoba/stvar

• Jack is older than Sam.
• This train moves faster than that one.

S more ili less:

Subjekt + be/glagol + more/less + pridjev + than + osoba/stvar

• This hotel is more comfortable than the other one.
• The second task is less difficult than the first.

Za superlativ:

Subjekt + be + the + superlativ + imenica/dopuna

• Maya is the tallest student in the class.
• This is the most useful tool.

Za prikaz dviju povezanih promjena:

The + komparativ + klauza, the + komparativ + klauza

• The older I get, the more patient I become.
• The less you spend, the more you save.

U ovoj posebnoj strukturi the je dio komparativnog obrasca. Ne označava određenu imenicu na uobičajen način na koji to čini određeni član.

Primjeri

1. My sister is younger than me.
2. This phone is cheaper than that one.
3. Her new job is more interesting than her old job.
4. Today is less stressful than yesterday.
5. Leo is the tallest boy in his family.
6. This is the most comfortable chair in the room.
7. The earlier we start, the earlier we finish.
8. The more you read, the more words you learn.
9. The colder it gets, the more clothes I wear.
10. The sooner we leave, the better.

Iznimke

Nakon than engleski može koristiti različite oblike zamjenica ovisno o stilu i strukturi rečenice.

• She is taller than me.
• She is taller than I am.

Oba su oblika česta i ispravna. Drugi je oblik obično formalniji.

Određeni se član obično ne koristi ispred običnog komparativa pridjeva u jednostavnoj usporedbi.

• Correct: John is taller than Mike.
• Incorrect: John is the taller than Mike.

Međutim, the se može pojaviti s komparativom kada birate između točno dvije osobe ili stvari.

• John is the taller of the two brothers.

Struktura the + komparativ, the + komparativ poseban je fiksni obrazac za usporedbu.

Česte pogreške

1. Incorrect: My car is faster that yours. Correct: My car is faster than yours. Explanation: Koristite than nakon komparativa kada uspoređujete dvije stvari.

2. Incorrect: Lisa is taller from Anna. Correct: Lisa is taller than Anna. Explanation: Engleski obično koristi than, a ne from, nakon komparativa.

3. Incorrect: This book is more interesting that the other one. Correct: This book is more interesting than the other one. Explanation: Koristite than za uvođenje drugog dijela usporedbe.

4. Incorrect: He is tallest student in the class. Correct: He is the tallest student in the class. Explanation: Superlativi pridjeva obično koriste određeni član the.

5. Incorrect: This is most expensive hotel here. Correct: This is the most expensive hotel here. Explanation: Koristite the ispred most + pridjev u superlativu.

6. Incorrect: More you practise, easier it becomes. Correct: The more you practise, the easier it becomes. Explanation: Koristite the ispred oba komparativna oblika u ovoj strukturi.

7. Incorrect: The faster you work, you finish sooner. Correct: The faster you work, the sooner you finish. Explanation: U strukturi povezanih promjena oba dijela obično koriste the + komparativ.