Apa itu?
Preposisi adalah kata pendek yang menghubungkan kata benda atau kata ganti dengan bagian lain dari kalimat.
Preposisi sering menunjukkan:
- tempat: in, on, under, next to
- waktu: at, on, in
- gerakan: to, into, from
- posisi atau arah: behind, between, across
Contoh:
- Kunci-kuncinya on meja.
- Kita bertemu at pukul enam.
- Dia berjalan to stasiun.
- Kucing itu under kursi.
Kapan digunakan
Gunakan preposisi tempat untuk menunjukkan di mana sesuatu berada.
- in the room
- on the desk
- under the bed
- next to the window
- between two buildings
Gunakan preposisi waktu untuk menunjukkan kapan sesuatu terjadi.
- at five o'clock
- on Monday
- in July
Gunakan preposisi gerakan untuk menunjukkan arah.
- go to school
- walk into the room
- come from Canada
- run across the street
Struktur
Preposisi biasanya muncul sebelum kata benda, kata ganti, atau frasa kata benda.
preposisi + kata benda atau kata ganti
- in the kitchen
- with my friend
- behind them
- after work
Preposisi tempat yang umum
| Preposisi | Penggunaan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| in | di dalam area atau ruang | The milk is in the fridge. |
| on | menyentuh permukaan | The book is on the table. |
| at | titik atau tempat tertentu | She is at the bus stop. |
| under | lebih rendah dari sesuatu | The shoes are under the bed. |
| above | lebih tinggi dari sesuatu | The picture is above the sofa. |
| behind | di belakang sesuatu | The garden is behind the house. |
| in front of | sebelum atau di depan sesuatu | The car is in front of the building. |
| next to | di samping sesuatu | The bank is next to the shop. |
| between | di tengah dua hal | The café is between the bank and the hotel. |
| near | dekat dengan sesuatu | We live near the station. |
Preposisi waktu yang umum
| Preposisi | Penggunaan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| at | waktu yang tepat | at 7:30 |
| on | hari dan tanggal | on Friday |
| in | bulan, tahun, musim, periode yang lebih panjang | in August |
| before | lebih awal dari suatu waktu | before dinner |
| after | lebih lambat dari suatu waktu | after work |
| during | dalam suatu periode atau acara | during the meeting |
Preposisi gerakan yang umum
| Preposisi | Penggunaan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| to | menuju tujuan | We went to the park. |
| from | titik awal | She came from work. |
| into | gerakan dari luar ke dalam | He walked into the room. |
| out of | gerakan dari dalam ke luar | They ran out of the house. |
| across | dari satu sisi ke sisi lain | We walked across the bridge. |
| through | dari satu bagian ke bagian lain | The train went through the tunnel. |
| along | mengikuti garis atau jalur | They walked along the river. |
| past | melewati sesuatu | She drove past the school. |
Contoh
- The phone is on the desk.
- She is waiting at the station.
- We live in a small apartment.
- The dog is under the table.
- I have a meeting on Tuesday.
- They moved here in 2024.
- He arrived at nine o'clock.
- She walked into the kitchen.
- We drove across the bridge.
- The supermarket is next to the bank.
Pengecualian
Beberapa ungkapan menggunakan preposisi tetap dan harus dipelajari sebagai frasa lengkap.
- at home
- at work
- by car
- on foot
- in bed
- on time
- interested in
- good at
Preposisi dapat berbeda antara bahasa, jadi terjemahan langsung tidak selalu benar.
Beberapa kata kerja tidak menggunakan preposisi dalam bahasa Inggris.
- Benar: enter the room
- Salah: enter into the room
Namun, go into the room benar karena into menunjukkan gerakan.
Kesalahan umum
-
Salah: I am in home. Benar: I am at home. Penjelasan: Gunakan ungkapan tetap at home.
-
Salah: We will meet in Monday. Benar: We will meet on Monday. Penjelasan: Gunakan on dengan hari.
-
Salah: The meeting starts on 8:00. Benar: The meeting starts at 8:00. Penjelasan: Gunakan at dengan waktu yang tepat.
-
Salah: She was born on 1995. Benar: She was born in 1995. Penjelasan: Gunakan in dengan tahun.
-
Salah: The cat is in the table. Benar: The cat is under the table. Penjelasan: Gunakan preposisi yang tepat untuk menggambarkan posisi.
-
Salah: He went in the room. Benar: He went into the room. Penjelasan: Gunakan into untuk gerakan dari luar ke dalam.
-
Salah: We arrived to the airport. Benar: We arrived at the airport. Penjelasan: Gunakan arrive at untuk tempat tertentu.
-
Salah: She entered into the office. Benar: She entered the office. Penjelasan: Kata kerja enter biasanya tidak memerlukan into.