Apa itu?
Kata kerja to be digunakan untuk menggambarkan orang, benda, tempat, perasaan, usia, pekerjaan, dan situasi.
Bentuk present-nya adalah:
- am
- is
- are
Gunakan am dengan I.
- I am tired.
Gunakan is dengan he, she, dan it.
- He is at home.
- She is a teacher.
- It is cold.
Gunakan are dengan you, we, dan they.
- You are ready.
- We are friends.
- They are busy.
Kapan digunakan
Gunakan to be untuk membicarakan:
- identitas: I am Daniel.
- pekerjaan: She is a nurse.
- usia: He is twenty years old.
- perasaan: We are happy.
- deskripsi: The room is small.
- lokasi: They are at work.
- kebangsaan: She is Canadian.
- cuaca dan waktu: It is cold. It is six o’clock.
Gunakan bentuk negatif untuk menyatakan bahwa sesuatu tidak benar.
- I am not tired.
- He is not at home.
- They are not ready.
Gunakan pertanyaan untuk menanyakan identitas, kondisi, lokasi, usia, atau deskripsi.
- Are you tired?
- Is she at work?
- Are they students?
Struktur
Kalimat positif
Gunakan:
subject + am/is/are + complement
| Subject | Bentuk | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | I am ready. |
| he / she / it | is | She is busy. |
| you / we / they | are | They are outside. |
Kontraksi umum adalah:
| Bentuk lengkap | Bentuk singkat |
|---|---|
| I am | I’m |
| he is | he’s |
| she is | she’s |
| it is | it’s |
| you are | you’re |
| we are | we’re |
| they are | they’re |
Kalimat negatif
Gunakan:
subject + am/is/are + not + complement
| Subject | Bentuk lengkap | Bentuk singkat |
|---|---|---|
| I | am not | I’m not |
| he / she / it | is not | isn’t |
| you / we / they | are not | aren’t |
Contoh:
- I’m not hungry.
- She isn’t at home.
- We aren’t late.
Bentuk he’s not, she’s not, you’re not, dan they’re not juga benar.
Pertanyaan
Letakkan am, is, atau are sebelum subjek.
am/is/are + subject + complement?
| Pernyataan | Pertanyaan |
|---|---|
| You are tired. | Are you tired? |
| She is at work. | Is she at work? |
| They are ready. | Are they ready? |
| I am late. | Am I late? |
Jawaban singkat
Gunakan am, is, atau are dalam jawaban singkat.
- Are you ready? — Yes, I am.
- Is he at home? — No, he isn’t.
- Are they busy? — Yes, they are.
- Is she a doctor? — No, she isn’t.
Biasanya jangan gunakan kontraksi positif dalam jawaban singkat.
- Benar: Yes, I am.
- Salah: Yes, I’m.
Contoh
- I am a software developer.
- She is very tired today.
- They are at the bus stop.
- I’m not hungry.
- He isn’t at work.
- We aren’t ready yet.
- Are you from Canada?
- Is your brother at home?
- Are the children tired?
- Why is the door open?
Pengecualian
Gunakan am I not? dalam pertanyaan formal.
- Am I not invited?
Dalam bahasa Inggris sehari-hari, aren’t I? umum digunakan dalam pertanyaan negatif dan question tag.
- Aren’t I invited?
- I’m late, aren’t I?
Jangan gunakan do, does, atau did dengan to be.
- Benar: Is she tired?
- Salah: Does she be tired?
Kata kerja to be tidak menggunakan kata kerja utama terpisah dalam deskripsi sederhana.
- She is happy.
- They are at home.
Kesalahan umum
-
Salah: I is tired. Benar: I am tired. Penjelasan: Gunakan am dengan I.
-
Salah: They is at home. Benar: They are at home. Penjelasan: Gunakan are dengan they.
-
Salah: She not is ready. Benar: She is not ready. Penjelasan: Letakkan not setelah is.
-
Salah: I don’t am hungry. Benar: I am not hungry. Penjelasan: Jangan gunakan do dengan to be.
-
Salah: Does he be at work? Benar: Is he at work? Penjelasan: Letakkan is sebelum subjek untuk membentuk pertanyaan.
-
Salah: Are she tired? Benar: Is she tired? Penjelasan: Gunakan is dengan she.
-
Salah: Is they ready? Benar: Are they ready? Penjelasan: Gunakan are dengan they.
-
Salah: Yes, I’m. Benar: Yes, I am. Penjelasan: Biasanya jangan gunakan kontraksi positif dalam jawaban singkat.