Panduan Tata Bahasa

Apa itu?

Past Simple digunakan untuk membicarakan tindakan, peristiwa, dan situasi yang dimulai dan selesai di masa lampau.

Contoh:

• I visited my friend yesterday.
• She worked from home last week.
• They went to the cinema.

Kata kerja beraturan biasanya membentuk Past Simple dengan -ed.

• work → worked
• play → played
• clean → cleaned

Kata kerja tidak beraturan memiliki bentuk lampau khusus.

• go → went
• see → saw
• buy → bought
• have → had

Kapan digunakan

Gunakan Past Simple untuk:

• tindakan yang selesai di masa lampau: I finished the report yesterday.
• serangkaian tindakan yang selesai: She opened the door, walked inside, and sat down.
• kebiasaan di masa lampau: We played outside every day.
• situasi masa lampau yang tidak lagi benar: He lived in London for five years.
• tindakan pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau: They arrived at 8 p.m.

Ekspresi waktu lampau yang umum meliputi:

• yesterday
• last night
• last week
• two days ago
• in 2020
• when I was a child

Struktur

Kalimat positif

Untuk kata kerja beraturan, gunakan:

subject + verb-ed

Untuk kata kerja tidak beraturan, gunakan bentuk lampau khusus.

Bentuk lampau sama untuk setiap subjek.

• I worked.
• He worked.
• They worked.

Kalimat negatif

Gunakan:

subject + did not + base verb

Bentuk singkat dari did not adalah didn’t.

• I did not call him.
• She didn’t go to work.
• They didn’t understand the question.

Setelah didn’t, gunakan bentuk dasar kata kerja.

Pertanyaan

Gunakan:

Did + subject + base verb?

• Did you call her?
• Did he finish the task?
• Did they arrive on time?

Jawaban singkat

• Did you see him? — Yes, I did.
• Did she call? — No, she didn’t.
• Did they leave? — Yes, they did.

Ejaan kata kerja beraturan

Contoh

1. I watched a film last night.
2. She called me yesterday.
3. We visited our grandparents on Sunday.
4. He bought a new laptop.
5. They didn’t come to the meeting.
6. I didn’t understand the question.
7. Did you finish your homework?
8. Did she take the bus?
9. We lived in Calgary for three years.
10. He opened the window and turned on the light.

Pengecualian

Kata kerja to be tidak menggunakan did dalam pertanyaan dan negatif Past Simple.

• I was tired.
• They were at home.
• She wasn’t ready.
• Were you busy?

Beberapa kata kerja tidak beraturan dan tidak menggunakan -ed.

• come → came
• write → wrote
• make → made
• find → found

Bentuk tidak beraturan harus dipelajari satu per satu.

Kesalahan umum

1. Salah: I goed to work yesterday. Benar: I went to work yesterday. Penjelasan: Go tidak beraturan. Bentuk lampaunya adalah went.

2. Salah: She didn’t went home. Benar: She didn’t go home. Penjelasan: Gunakan kata kerja dasar setelah didn’t.

3. Salah: Did you saw him? Benar: Did you see him? Penjelasan: Gunakan kata kerja dasar setelah did.

4. Salah: He work yesterday. Benar: He worked yesterday. Penjelasan: Gunakan bentuk Past Simple untuk tindakan yang selesai di masa lampau.

5. Salah: They was late. Benar: They were late. Penjelasan: Gunakan were dengan they.

6. Salah: I didn’t called her. Benar: I didn’t call her. Penjelasan: Jangan gunakan bentuk lampau setelah didn’t.

7. Salah: Did she finished the task? Benar: Did she finish the task? Penjelasan: Gunakan bentuk dasar setelah did.

8. Salah: We studyed English yesterday. Benar: We studied English yesterday. Penjelasan: Ubah konsonan + y menjadi i sebelum menambahkan -ed.