Panduan Tata Bahasa

Apa itu?

Pertanyaan digunakan untuk meminta informasi, konfirmasi, izin, atau bantuan.

Pertanyaan dalam bahasa Inggris sering menggunakan kata kerja bantu sebelum subjek.

Kata tanya yang umum meliputi:

• who
• what
• where
• when
• why
• which
• how

Contoh:

• Do you work here?
• Is she at home?
• Where do they live?
• Why are you tired?

Kapan digunakan

Gunakan pertanyaan ya-tidak ketika jawabannya bisa ya atau tidak.

• Do you like coffee?
• Is he ready?
• Can they come?

Gunakan pertanyaan dengan kata tanya ketika Anda membutuhkan informasi spesifik.

• What do you want?
• Where does she work?
• When are they leaving?
• Why did he call?
• How can I help?

Gunakan pertanyaan untuk menanyakan tentang:

• orang: Who is that?
• benda: What is this?
• tempat: Where do you live?
• waktu: When does the meeting start?
• alasan: Why are you late?
• pilihan: Which colour do you prefer?
• cara atau kondisi: How do you make this?

Struktur

Pertanyaan dengan to be

Gunakan:

am/is/are + subjek + pelengkap?

Untuk pertanyaan lampau, gunakan was atau were.

• Was he at work?
• Were they busy?

Pertanyaan dengan kata kerja lain

Gunakan do atau does dalam Present Simple.

do/does + subjek + kata kerja dasar?

Gunakan did dalam Past Simple.

did + subjek + kata kerja dasar?

• Did you call her?
• Did he finish the task?

Pertanyaan dengan kata kerja modal

Letakkan kata kerja modal sebelum subjek.

kata kerja modal + subjek + kata kerja dasar?

• Can you swim?
• Could she help us?
• Should we leave?
• Will they come?

Pertanyaan dengan kata tanya

Letakkan kata tanya sebelum kata kerja bantu.

kata tanya + kata kerja bantu + subjek + kata kerja utama?

• Where do you work?
• What does she need?
• Why did they leave?
• When will he arrive?

Dengan to be, gunakan:

kata tanya + am/is/are/was/were + subjek?

• Where is she?
• Why are they angry?
• When was the meeting?

Pertanyaan subjek

Ketika who atau what adalah subjek, jangan gunakan do, does, atau did.

• Who called you?
• What happened?
• Who lives here?

Bandingkan:

• Who called Anna? — menanyakan tentang orang yang memanggil
• Who did Anna call? — menanyakan tentang orang yang dipanggil Anna

Contoh

1. Do you speak English?
2. Does your brother live nearby?
3. Did they arrive on time?
4. Is she at work today?
5. Were you tired yesterday?
6. Can you help me?
7. Where do your parents live?
8. Why did he leave early?
9. What are you doing?
10. Who opened the window?

Pengecualian

Jangan gunakan do, does, atau did dengan to be.

• Benar: Is she ready?
• Salah: Does she be ready?

Jangan gunakan do, does, atau did dengan kata kerja modal.

• Benar: Can he drive?
• Salah: Does he can drive?

Ketika kata tanya adalah subjek, urutan kata subjek-kata tanya normal digunakan.

• Who knows the answer?
• What caused the problem?

Beberapa pertanyaan dapat memiliki bentuk seperti pernyataan dalam percakapan informal ketika pembicara terkejut atau memeriksa informasi.

• You finished already?
• She lives here?

Bentuk-bentuk ini umum dalam percakapan tetapi kurang sesuai dalam tulisan formal.

Kesalahan umum

1. Salah: You like coffee? Benar: Do you like coffee? Penjelasan: Gunakan do untuk membentuk pertanyaan Present Simple.

2. Salah: Does she works here? Benar: Does she work here? Penjelasan: Gunakan kata kerja dasar setelah does.

3. Salah: Did he went home? Benar: Did he go home? Penjelasan: Gunakan kata kerja dasar setelah did.

4. Salah: Do they are ready? Benar: Are they ready? Penjelasan: Jangan gunakan do dengan kata kerja to be.

5. Salah: Where she lives? Benar: Where does she live? Penjelasan: Letakkan does sebelum subjek dalam pertanyaan Present Simple.

6. Salah: Why you are late? Benar: Why are you late? Penjelasan: Letakkan are sebelum subjek.

7. Salah: Does he can swim? Benar: Can he swim? Penjelasan: Letakkan kata kerja modal sebelum subjek tanpa does.

8. Salah: Who did call you? Benar: Who called you? Penjelasan: Jangan gunakan did ketika who adalah subjek.