Panduan Tata Bahasa

Apa itu?

There is dan there are digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa sesuatu itu ada atau hadir.

Gunakan there is dengan:

• satu orang atau benda
• kata benda tak terhitung

Gunakan there are dengan:

• dua orang atau benda atau lebih

Contoh:

• There is a book on the table.
• There is some milk in the fridge.
• There are three chairs in the room.

Bentuk singkat dari there is adalah there’s.

• There’s a café near my house.

Kapan digunakan

Gunakan there is dan there are untuk:

• memperkenalkan informasi baru
• mendeskripsikan tempat
• menyatakan apa yang tersedia
• menyatakan berapa banyak orang atau benda yang hadir
• membicarakan peristiwa atau masalah

Contoh:

• There is a bank next to the station.
• There are two bathrooms in the apartment.
• There is some food in the kitchen.
• There are many people outside.
• There is a problem with the computer.

Struktur

Kalimat positif

Gunakan:

there is + kata benda tunggal

• There is a shop nearby.
• There is one window in the room.

Gunakan:

there is + kata benda tak terhitung

• There is some water in the bottle.
• There is a lot of traffic today.

Gunakan:

there are + kata benda jamak

• There are two shops nearby.
• There are several windows in the room.

Kalimat negatif

Gunakan:

there is not + kata benda tunggal atau tak terhitung

• There is not a pharmacy nearby.
• There is not much time.

Bentuk singkatnya adalah there isn’t.

Gunakan:

there are not + kata benda jamak

• There are not enough chairs.
• There are not any shops nearby.

Bentuk singkatnya adalah there aren’t.

Pertanyaan

Gunakan:

Is there + kata benda tunggal atau tak terhitung?

• Is there a bathroom here?
• Is there any coffee left?

Gunakan:

Are there + kata benda jamak?

• Are there any questions?
• Are there two bedrooms?

Jawaban singkat

• Is there a bank nearby? — Yes, there is.
• Is there any milk? — No, there isn’t.
• Are there any tickets left? — Yes, there are.
• Are there many people? — No, there aren’t.

Menggunakan some dan any

Gunakan some terutama dalam kalimat positif.

• There is some bread.
• There are some apples.

Gunakan any terutama dalam kalimat negatif dan pertanyaan.

• There isn’t any bread.
• Are there any apples?

Contoh

1. There is a supermarket near my house.
2. There are two cats in the garden.
3. There is some coffee in the kitchen.
4. There isn’t a bus stop on this street.
5. There aren’t any clean cups.
6. Is there a hotel near the airport?
7. Are there any messages for me?
8. There is a lot of traffic this morning.
9. There are several books on the desk.
10. There’s a meeting at three o’clock.

Pengecualian

Dalam percakapan informal, there’s kadang digunakan sebelum kata benda jamak.

• There’s two people outside.

Ini umum dalam percakapan, tetapi there are adalah bentuk standar.

• There are two people outside.

Frasa there is tidak berarti sama dengan it is.

• There is a café near the station. — Sebuah kafe ada di sana.
• It is near the station. — Orang atau benda yang sudah dikenal berada di dekat stasiun.

Gunakan there was dan there were untuk masa lampau.

• There was a problem yesterday.
• There were many people at the event.

Kesalahan umum

1. Salah: There are a book on the table. Benar: There is a book on the table. Penjelasan: Gunakan there is dengan kata benda tunggal.

2. Salah: There is two chairs in the room. Benar: There are two chairs in the room. Penjelasan: Gunakan there are dengan kata benda jamak.

3. Salah: There are some milk in the fridge. Benar: There is some milk in the fridge. Penjelasan: Gunakan there is dengan kata benda tak terhitung.

4. Salah: Is there any shops nearby? Benar: Are there any shops nearby? Penjelasan: Gunakan are there dengan kata benda jamak.

5. Salah: There isn’t no food. Benar: There isn’t any food. Penjelasan: Hindari negatif ganda. Gunakan any setelah isn’t.

6. Salah: Are there a bathroom here? Benar: Is there a bathroom here? Penjelasan: Gunakan is there dengan kata benda tunggal.

7. Salah: It is a problem with the door. Benar: There is a problem with the door. Penjelasan: Gunakan there is untuk memperkenalkan sesuatu yang ada.

8. Salah: There have many people outside. Benar: There are many people outside. Penjelasan: Gunakan there are, bukan there have, untuk membicarakan orang atau benda yang hadir.