Panduan Tata Bahasa

Apa itu?

Present Simple digunakan untuk membicarakan kebiasaan, rutinitas, fakta, situasi permanen, dan hal-hal yang terjadi secara teratur.

Contoh:

• I work from home.
• She drinks coffee every morning.
• The sun rises in the east.

Dengan he, she, dan it, kata kerja biasanya berakhiran -s atau -es.

• I work.
• He works.
• They watch television.
• She watches television.

Kapan digunakan

Gunakan Present Simple untuk:

• kebiasaan dan rutinitas: I walk to work every day.
• tindakan berulang: She calls her mother every Sunday.
• fakta umum: Water boils at 100°C.
• situasi permanen: They live in Canada.
• opini dan perasaan: I like this song.
• jadwal dan waktu: The train leaves at six.
• instruksi dan petunjuk arah: Turn left, and the bank is on your right.

Ekspresi waktu yang umum meliputi:

• always
• usually
• often
• sometimes
• rarely
• never
• every day
• once a week
• on Mondays

Struktur

Kalimat positif

Gunakan bentuk dasar kata kerja dengan I, you, we, dan they.

Gunakan kata kerja dengan -s atau -es dengan he, she, dan it.

Ejaan dengan he, she, dan it

Kalimat negatif

Gunakan:

subject + do not/does not + base verb

Bentuk singkatnya adalah:

• do not → don’t
• does not → doesn’t

Setelah doesn’t, gunakan bentuk dasar kata kerja.

Pertanyaan

Gunakan:

Do/Does + subject + base verb?

• Do you work here?
• Does she speak French?
• Do they live nearby?

Jawaban singkat

• Do you drive? — Yes, I do.
• Do they work here? — No, they don’t.
• Does he cook? — Yes, he does.
• Does she live in Calgary? — No, she doesn’t.

Adverbia frekuensi

Adverbia seperti always, usually, often, sometimes, dan never biasanya muncul sebelum kata kerja utama.

• I usually get up at seven.
• She often walks to work.
• They never eat meat.

Dengan kata kerja to be, adverbia biasanya muncul setelah kata kerja.

• He is always busy.
• We are usually at home.

Contoh

1. I drink coffee every morning.
2. She works in a hospital.
3. They play football on Saturdays.
4. He doesn’t eat meat.
5. We don’t watch much television.
6. Do you speak English?
7. Does your brother live nearby?
8. The shop opens at nine.
9. Water freezes at 0°C.
10. My parents usually visit us in summer.

Pengecualian

Kata kerja to be menggunakan am, is, dan are dan tidak menggunakan do atau does dalam kalimat negatif dan pertanyaan.

• I am tired.
• She isn’t at home.
• Are they ready?

Kata kerja have biasanya beraturan dalam bahasa Inggris Amerika.

• Do you have a car?
• She doesn’t have a car.

Dalam bahasa Inggris Britania, have got juga umum digunakan.

• Have you got a car?
• She hasn’t got a car.

Beberapa kata kerja menggambarkan keadaan dan biasanya digunakan dalam Present Simple daripada Present Continuous.

• know
• believe
• want
• need
• like
• love
• understand

Kesalahan umum

1. Salah: He work every day. Benar: He works every day. Penjelasan: Tambahkan -s pada kata kerja dengan he, she, dan it.

2. Salah: She don’t like coffee. Benar: She doesn’t like coffee. Penjelasan: Gunakan doesn’t dengan she.

3. Salah: Does he works here? Benar: Does he work here? Penjelasan: Gunakan kata kerja dasar setelah does.

4. Salah: I am go to work every day. Benar: I go to work every day. Penjelasan: Jangan gunakan am sebelum kata kerja Present Simple biasa.

5. Salah: They doesn’t live here. Benar: They don’t live here. Penjelasan: Gunakan don’t dengan they.

6. Salah: She studys English. Benar: She studies English. Penjelasan: Ubah konsonan + y menjadi i sebelum menambahkan -es.

7. Salah: Do she speak French? Benar: Does she speak French? Penjelasan: Gunakan does dengan she.

8. Salah: He doesn’t goes to school. Benar: He doesn’t go to school. Penjelasan: Gunakan bentuk dasar setelah doesn’t.