Kas tai?
Can, can’t, could ir couldn’t yra modaliniai veiksmažodžiai.
Jie vartojami kalbant apie:
- gebėjimą esamuoju laiku
- gebėjimą būtuoju laiku
- leidimą
- prašymus
- galimybę
Can yra teigiamoji forma.
- I can swim.
Can’t yra trumpoji cannot forma.
- I can’t drive.
Could dažnai vartojamas gebėjimui būtuoju laiku arba mandagiems prašymams.
- She could read when she was four.
- Could you help me?
Couldn’t yra trumpoji could not forma.
- We couldn’t find the address.
Kada vartoti
Vartokite can gebėjimui esamuoju laiku nusakyti.
- He can speak English.
- I can cook.
Vartokite can’t, kai kas nors negali ko nors padaryti.
- She can’t swim.
- We can’t come today.
Vartokite can leidimui prašyti arba suteikti.
- Can I use your phone?
- You can leave early.
Vartokite could bendram gebėjimui būtuoju laiku nusakyti.
- I could run fast when I was younger.
- They could speak French as children.
Vartokite couldn’t gebėjimo stokai arba nesėkmingai situacijai būtuoju laiku nusakyti.
- He couldn’t read the sign.
- We couldn’t open the door.
Vartokite can arba could prašymams.
- Can you close the window?
- Could you close the window?
Could paprastai yra mandagesnis nei can prašymuose.
Sandara
Po can, can’t, could ir couldn’t vartokite pagrindinę veiksmažodžio formą.
| Forma | Sandara | Pavyzdys |
|---|---|---|
| Teigiamasis esamasis laikas | subject + can + base verb | She can drive. |
| Neigiamasis esamasis laikas | subject + can’t + base verb | She can’t drive. |
| Teigiamasis būtasis laikas | subject + could + base verb | She could drive at eighteen. |
| Neigiamasis būtasis laikas | subject + couldn’t + base verb | She couldn’t drive last year. |
Forma yra vienoda visiems asmenims.
- I can swim.
- He can swim.
- They can swim.
Nepridėkite -s po he, she arba it.
Klausimai
Vartokite:
Can/Could + subject + base verb?
| Klausimo tipas | Pavyzdys |
|---|---|
| Gebėjimas esamuoju laiku | Can you swim? |
| Leidimas | Can I sit here? |
| Prašymas | Can you help me? |
| Mandagus prašymas | Could you help me? |
| Gebėjimas būtuoju laiku | Could she read at five? |
Trumpi atsakymai
- Can you drive? — Yes, I can.
- Can he come? — No, he can’t.
- Could they swim? — Yes, they could.
- Could she open it? — No, she couldn’t.
Pavyzdžiai
- I can speak a little Spanish.
- She can’t come to work today.
- Can you help me with this box?
- Can I open the window?
- You can use my computer.
- He could swim when he was five.
- We couldn’t find a taxi last night.
- Could you speak more slowly, please?
- They could not hear the announcement.
- My brother can cook very well.
Išimtys
Vartokite could bendram gebėjimui būtuoju laiku nusakyti.
- She could play the piano when she was young.
Konkrečiam sėkmingam veiksmui būtuoju laiku dažnai natūraliau vartoti was able to.
- We were able to fix the problem yesterday.
Tačiau couldn’t yra natūralus kalbant apie konkretų nesėkmingą veiksmą.
- We couldn’t fix the problem yesterday.
Cannot rašomas vienu žodžiu.
- Correct: cannot
- Incorrect: can not
Forma can not galima tik tada, kai not priklauso kitai frazei, tačiau šis vartojimas yra retas.
Dažnos klaidos
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Incorrect: She cans swim. Correct: She can swim. Explanation: Nepridėkite -s prie modalinių veiksmažodžių.
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Incorrect: I can to drive. Correct: I can drive. Explanation: Po can vartokite pagrindinį veiksmažodį be to.
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Incorrect: He could speaks English. Correct: He could speak English. Explanation: Po could vartokite pagrindinę formą.
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Incorrect: Do you can help me? Correct: Can you help me? Explanation: Klausimuose su can nenaudokite do.
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Incorrect: I don’t can swim. Correct: I can’t swim. Explanation: Vartokite can’t, o ne don’t can.
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Incorrect: She could to read at four. Correct: She could read at four. Explanation: Po could nenaudokite to.
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Incorrect: Can you helped me? Correct: Can you help me? Explanation: Po can vartokite pagrindinę veiksmažodžio formą.
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Incorrect: I couldn’t found my keys. Correct: I couldn’t find my keys. Explanation: Po couldn’t vartokite pagrindinę formą.