Kas tai?
Veiksmažodis to be vartojamas apibūdinti žmones, daiktus, vietas, jausmus, amžių, profesijas ir situacijas.
Esamojo laiko formos yra:
- am
- is
- are
am vartojamas su I.
- I am tired.
is vartojamas su he, she ir it.
- He is at home.
- She is a teacher.
- It is cold.
are vartojamas su you, we ir they.
- You are ready.
- We are friends.
- They are busy.
Kada vartoti
to be vartojamas kalbant apie:
- tapatybę: I am Daniel.
- profesijas: She is a nurse.
- amžių: He is twenty years old.
- jausmus: We are happy.
- apibūdinimus: The room is small.
- vietas: They are at work.
- tautybę: She is Canadian.
- orą ir laiką: It is cold. It is six o’clock.
Neigiamos formos vartojamos norint pasakyti, kad kažkas netiesa.
- I am not tired.
- He is not at home.
- They are not ready.
Klausimai vartojami norint paklausti apie tapatybę, būseną, vietą, amžių ar apibūdinimą.
- Are you tired?
- Is she at work?
- Are they students?
Sandara
Teigiami sakiniai
Vartokite:
subject + am/is/are + complement
| Subject | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | I am ready. |
| he / she / it | is | She is busy. |
| you / we / they | are | They are outside. |
Dažni sutrumpinimai:
| Pilna forma | Trumpa forma |
|---|---|
| I am | I’m |
| he is | he’s |
| she is | she’s |
| it is | it’s |
| you are | you’re |
| we are | we’re |
| they are | they’re |
Neigiami sakiniai
Vartokite:
subject + am/is/are + not + complement
| Subject | Pilna forma | Trumpa forma |
|---|---|---|
| I | am not | I’m not |
| he / she / it | is not | isn’t |
| you / we / they | are not | aren’t |
Pavyzdžiai:
- I’m not hungry.
- She isn’t at home.
- We aren’t late.
Formos he’s not, she’s not, you’re not ir they’re not taip pat yra teisingos.
Klausimai
am, is arba are rašykite prieš veiksnį.
am/is/are + subject + complement?
| Teiginys | Klausimas |
|---|---|
| You are tired. | Are you tired? |
| She is at work. | Is she at work? |
| They are ready. | Are they ready? |
| I am late. | Am I late? |
Trumpi atsakymai
Trumpuose atsakymuose vartokite am, is arba are.
- Are you ready? — Yes, I am.
- Is he at home? — No, he isn’t.
- Are they busy? — Yes, they are.
- Is she a doctor? — No, she isn’t.
Trumpuose atsakymuose paprastai nenaudokite teigiamų sutrumpinimų.
- Teisingai: Yes, I am.
- Neteisingai: Yes, I’m.
Pavyzdžiai
- I am a software developer.
- She is very tired today.
- They are at the bus stop.
- I’m not hungry.
- He isn’t at work.
- We aren’t ready yet.
- Are you from Canada?
- Is your brother at home?
- Are the children tired?
- Why is the door open?
Išimtys
Oficialiuose klausimuose vartokite am I not?
- Am I not invited?
Kasdienėje anglų kalboje aren’t I? yra įprasta neigiamuose klausimuose ir klausiamosiose frazėse.
- Aren’t I invited?
- I’m late, aren’t I?
Nevartokite do, does arba did su to be.
- Teisingai: Is she tired?
- Neteisingai: Does she be tired?
Veiksmažodis to be paprastuose apibūdinimuose nereikalauja atskiro pagrindinio veiksmažodžio.
- She is happy.
- They are at home.
Dažnos klaidos
-
Neteisingai: I is tired. Teisingai: I am tired. Paaiškinimas: Su I vartokite am.
-
Neteisingai: They is at home. Teisingai: They are at home. Paaiškinimas: Su they vartokite are.
-
Neteisingai: She not is ready. Teisingai: She is not ready. Paaiškinimas: not rašykite po is.
-
Neteisingai: I don’t am hungry. Teisingai: I am not hungry. Paaiškinimas: Nevartokite do su to be.
-
Neteisingai: Does he be at work? Teisingai: Is he at work? Paaiškinimas: Klausimui sudaryti is rašykite prieš veiksnį.
-
Neteisingai: Are she tired? Teisingai: Is she tired? Paaiškinimas: Su she vartokite is.
-
Neteisingai: Is they ready? Teisingai: Are they ready? Paaiškinimas: Su they vartokite are.
-
Neteisingai: Yes, I’m. Teisingai: Yes, I am. Paaiškinimas: Trumpame atsakyme paprastai nenaudokite teigiamo sutrumpinimo.