Gramatikos gidas

Kas tai?

There is ir there are vartojami norint pasakyti, kad kažkas egzistuoja arba yra.

There is vartojamas su:

• vienu asmeniu ar daiktu
• neskaičiuojamaisiais daiktavardžiais

There are vartojamas su:

• dviem ar daugiau asmenų ar daiktų

Pavyzdžiai:

• There is a book on the table.
• There is some milk in the fridge.
• There are three chairs in the room.

Trumpoji there is forma yra there’s.

• There’s a café near my house.

Kada vartoti

There is ir there are vartojami norint:

• pateikti naują informaciją
• apibūdinti vietas
• pasakyti, kas yra prieinama
• pasakyti, kiek žmonių ar daiktų yra
• kalbėti apie įvykius ar problemas

Pavyzdžiai:

• There is a bank next to the station.
• There are two bathrooms in the apartment.
• There is some food in the kitchen.
• There are many people outside.
• There is a problem with the computer.

Struktūra

Teigiami sakiniai

Vartokite:

there is + vienaskaitos daiktavardis

• There is a shop nearby.
• There is one window in the room.

Vartokite:

there is + neskaičiuojamasis daiktavardis

• There is some water in the bottle.
• There is a lot of traffic today.

Vartokite:

there are + daugiskaitos daiktavardis

• There are two shops nearby.
• There are several windows in the room.

Neigiami sakiniai

Vartokite:

there is not + vienaskaitos arba neskaičiuojamasis daiktavardis

• There is not a pharmacy nearby.
• There is not much time.

Trumpoji forma yra there isn’t.

Vartokite:

there are not + daugiskaitos daiktavardis

• There are not enough chairs.
• There are not any shops nearby.

Trumpoji forma yra there aren’t.

Klausimai

Vartokite:

Is there + vienaskaitos arba neskaičiuojamasis daiktavardis?

• Is there a bathroom here?
• Is there any coffee left?

Vartokite:

Are there + daugiskaitos daiktavardis?

• Are there any questions?
• Are there two bedrooms?

Trumpi atsakymai

• Is there a bank nearby? — Yes, there is.
• Is there any milk? — No, there isn’t.
• Are there any tickets left? — Yes, there are.
• Are there many people? — No, there aren’t.

Some ir any vartojimas

Some daugiausia vartojamas teigiamuose sakiniuose.

• There is some bread.
• There are some apples.

Any daugiausia vartojamas neigiamuose sakiniuose ir klausimuose.

• There isn’t any bread.
• Are there any apples?

Pavyzdžiai

1. There is a supermarket near my house.
2. There are two cats in the garden.
3. There is some coffee in the kitchen.
4. There isn’t a bus stop on this street.
5. There aren’t any clean cups.
6. Is there a hotel near the airport?
7. Are there any messages for me?
8. There is a lot of traffic this morning.
9. There are several books on the desk.
10. There’s a meeting at three o’clock.

Išimtys

Neformalioje kalboje there’s kartais vartojamas prieš daugiskaitos daiktavardį.

• There’s two people outside.

Tai dažna pokalbiuose, bet there are yra standartinė forma.

• There are two people outside.

Frazė there is nereiškia to paties, ką it is.

• There is a café near the station. — A café exists there.
• It is near the station. — A known person or thing is near the station.

Praeičiai vartokite there was ir there were.

• There was a problem yesterday.
• There were many people at the event.

Dažnos klaidos

1. Neteisingai: There are a book on the table. Teisingai: There is a book on the table. Paaiškinimas: Vartokite there is su vienaskaitos daiktavardžiu.

2. Neteisingai: There is two chairs in the room. Teisingai: There are two chairs in the room. Paaiškinimas: Vartokite there are su daugiskaitos daiktavardžiais.

3. Neteisingai: There are some milk in the fridge. Teisingai: There is some milk in the fridge. Paaiškinimas: Vartokite there is su neskaičiuojamaisiais daiktavardžiais.

4. Neteisingai: Is there any shops nearby? Teisingai: Are there any shops nearby? Paaiškinimas: Vartokite are there su daugiskaitos daiktavardžiais.

5. Neteisingai: There isn’t no food. Teisingai: There isn’t any food. Paaiškinimas: Venkite dvigubo neiginio. Po isn’t vartokite any.

6. Neteisingai: Are there a bathroom here? Teisingai: Is there a bathroom here? Paaiškinimas: Vartokite is there su vienaskaitos daiktavardžiu.

7. Neteisingai: It is a problem with the door. Teisingai: There is a problem with the door. Paaiškinimas: Vartokite there is norėdami pristatyti tai, kas egzistuoja.

8. Neteisingai: There have many people outside. Teisingai: There are many people outside. Paaiškinimas: Kalbėdami apie esančius žmones ar daiktus, vartokite there are, o ne there have.