Panduan Tatabahasa

Apakah itu?

Perbandingan dalam bahasa Inggeris sering menggunakan than dan the.

Than digunakan selepas kata adjektif atau kata adverba perbandingan apabila dua orang, benda, tempat, atau situasi dibandingkan.

• Tom is taller than Ben.
• This car is faster than mine.

Kata sandang tentu the biasanya digunakan sebelum kata adjektif superlatif apabila seseorang atau sesuatu dibandingkan dengan keseluruhan kumpulan.

• Anna is the tallest student in the class.
• This is the cheapest option.

Perkataan the juga digunakan dalam struktur the + comparative, the + comparative untuk menunjukkan bahawa dua perubahan saling berkaitan.

• The more you practise, the easier it becomes.
• The earlier we leave, the better.

Bila hendak guna

Gunakan than selepas bentuk perbandingan apabila membandingkan dua benda secara langsung.

• My house is bigger than yours.
• Today is warmer than yesterday.

Gunakan the + superlative apabila mengenal pasti orang atau benda yang mempunyai tahap tertinggi atau terendah bagi sesuatu kualiti dalam sesuatu kumpulan.

• She is the youngest person in the family.
• It is the most expensive restaurant here.

Gunakan the + comparative, the + comparative apabila satu perubahan mempengaruhi perubahan yang lain.

• The faster you drive, the more fuel you use.
• The longer I wait, the more tired I become.

Ungkapan pendek dengan struktur ini juga biasa digunakan.

• The sooner, the better.
• The more, the merrier.

Struktur

Untuk perbandingan langsung:

Subject + be/verb + comparative + than + person/thing

• Jack is older than Sam.
• This train moves faster than that one.

Dengan more atau less:

Subject + be/verb + more/less + adjective + than + person/thing

• This hotel is more comfortable than the other one.
• The second task is less difficult than the first.

Untuk superlatif:

Subject + be + the + superlative + noun/complement

• Maya is the tallest student in the class.
• This is the most useful tool.

Untuk menunjukkan dua perubahan yang berkaitan:

The + comparative + clause, the + comparative + clause

• The older I get, the more patient I become.
• The less you spend, the more you save.

Dalam struktur khas ini, the ialah sebahagian daripada pola perbandingan. Ia tidak mengenal pasti kata nama tertentu seperti cara biasa kata sandang tentu digunakan.

Contoh

1. My sister is younger than me.
2. This phone is cheaper than that one.
3. Her new job is more interesting than her old job.
4. Today is less stressful than yesterday.
5. Leo is the tallest boy in his family.
6. This is the most comfortable chair in the room.
7. The earlier we start, the earlier we finish.
8. The more you read, the more words you learn.
9. The colder it gets, the more clothes I wear.
10. The sooner we leave, the better.

Pengecualian

Selepas than, bahasa Inggeris boleh menggunakan bentuk kata ganti nama yang berbeza bergantung pada gaya dan struktur ayat.

• She is taller than me.
• She is taller than I am.

Kedua-duanya biasa dan betul. Bentuk kedua biasanya lebih formal.

Kata sandang tentu biasanya tidak digunakan sebelum kata adjektif perbandingan biasa dalam perbandingan mudah.

• Correct: John is taller than Mike.
• Incorrect: John is the taller than Mike.

Walau bagaimanapun, the boleh muncul dengan bentuk perbandingan apabila memilih antara dua orang atau benda sahaja.

• John is the taller of the two brothers.

Struktur the + comparative, the + comparative ialah pola perbandingan tetap yang khas.

Kesilapan biasa

1. Incorrect: My car is faster that yours. Correct: My car is faster than yours. Explanation: Gunakan than selepas bentuk perbandingan apabila membandingkan dua benda.

2. Incorrect: Lisa is taller from Anna. Correct: Lisa is taller than Anna. Explanation: Bahasa Inggeris biasanya menggunakan than, bukan from, selepas bentuk perbandingan.

3. Incorrect: This book is more interesting that the other one. Correct: This book is more interesting than the other one. Explanation: Gunakan than untuk memperkenalkan bahagian kedua perbandingan.

4. Incorrect: He is tallest student in the class. Correct: He is the tallest student in the class. Explanation: Kata adjektif superlatif biasanya menggunakan kata sandang tentu the.

5. Incorrect: This is most expensive hotel here. Correct: This is the most expensive hotel here. Explanation: Gunakan the sebelum most + adjective dalam superlatif.

6. Incorrect: More you practise, easier it becomes. Correct: The more you practise, the easier it becomes. Explanation: Gunakan the sebelum kedua-dua bentuk perbandingan dalam struktur ini.

7. Incorrect: The faster you work, you finish sooner. Correct: The faster you work, the sooner you finish. Explanation: Dalam struktur perubahan berkaitan, kedua-dua bahagian biasanya menggunakan the + comparative.