Panduan Tatabahasa

Apa itu?

Soalan digunakan untuk meminta maklumat, pengesahan, kebenaran, atau bantuan.

Soalan bahasa Inggeris selalunya menggunakan kata kerja bantu sebelum subjek.

Perkataan soalan yang biasa termasuk:

• who
• what
• where
• when
• why
• which
• how

Contoh:

• Do you work here?
• Is she at home?
• Where do they live?
• Why are you tired?

Bila digunakan

Gunakan soalan ya-atau-tidak apabila jawapannya boleh berupa ya atau tidak.

• Do you like coffee?
• Is he ready?
• Can they come?

Gunakan soalan perkataan soalan apabila anda memerlukan maklumat khusus.

• What do you want?
• Where does she work?
• When are they leaving?
• Why did he call?
• How can I help?

Gunakan soalan untuk bertanya tentang:

• orang: Who is that?
• benda: What is this?
• tempat: Where do you live?
• masa: When does the meeting start?
• sebab: Why are you late?
• pilihan: Which colour do you prefer?
• cara atau keadaan: How do you make this?

Struktur

Soalan dengan to be

Gunakan:

am/is/are + subjek + pelengkap?

Untuk soalan masa lampau, gunakan was atau were.

• Was he at work?
• Were they busy?

Soalan dengan kata kerja lain

Gunakan do atau does dalam Present Simple.

do/does + subjek + kata kerja dasar?

Gunakan did dalam Past Simple.

did + subjek + kata kerja dasar?

• Did you call her?
• Did he finish the task?

Soalan dengan kata kerja modal

Letakkan kata kerja modal sebelum subjek.

kata kerja modal + subjek + kata kerja dasar?

• Can you swim?
• Could she help us?
• Should we leave?
• Will they come?

Soalan perkataan soalan

Letakkan perkataan soalan sebelum kata kerja bantu.

perkataan soalan + kata kerja bantu + subjek + kata kerja utama?

• Where do you work?
• What does she need?
• Why did they leave?
• When will he arrive?

Dengan to be, gunakan:

perkataan soalan + am/is/are/was/were + subjek?

• Where is she?
• Why are they angry?
• When was the meeting?

Soalan subjek

Apabila who atau what ialah subjek, jangan gunakan do, does, atau did.

• Who called you?
• What happened?
• Who lives here?

Bandingkan:

• Who called Anna? — bertanya tentang orang yang memanggil
• Who did Anna call? — bertanya tentang orang yang dipanggil oleh Anna

Contoh

1. Do you speak English?
2. Does your brother live nearby?
3. Did they arrive on time?
4. Is she at work today?
5. Were you tired yesterday?
6. Can you help me?
7. Where do your parents live?
8. Why did he leave early?
9. What are you doing?
10. Who opened the window?

Pengecualian

Jangan gunakan do, does, atau did dengan to be.

• Betul: Is she ready?
• Salah: Does she be ready?

Jangan gunakan do, does, atau did dengan kata kerja modal.

• Betul: Can he drive?
• Salah: Does he can drive?

Apabila perkataan soalan ialah subjek, susunan perkataan subjek-perkataan soalan yang biasa digunakan.

• Who knows the answer?
• What caused the problem?

Sesetengah soalan boleh berbentuk seperti pernyataan dalam pertuturan tidak formal apabila penutur terkejut atau menyemak maklumat.

• You finished already?
• She lives here?

Bentuk ini lazim dalam perbualan tetapi kurang sesuai dalam penulisan formal.

Kesilapan biasa

1. Salah: You like coffee? Betul: Do you like coffee? Penjelasan: Gunakan do untuk membentuk soalan Present Simple.

2. Salah: Does she works here? Betul: Does she work here? Penjelasan: Gunakan kata kerja dasar selepas does.

3. Salah: Did he went home? Betul: Did he go home? Penjelasan: Gunakan kata kerja dasar selepas did.

4. Salah: Do they are ready? Betul: Are they ready? Penjelasan: Jangan gunakan do dengan kata kerja to be.

5. Salah: Where she lives? Betul: Where does she live? Penjelasan: Letakkan does sebelum subjek dalam soalan Present Simple.

6. Salah: Why you are late? Betul: Why are you late? Penjelasan: Letakkan are sebelum subjek.

7. Salah: Does he can swim? Betul: Can he swim? Penjelasan: Letakkan kata kerja modal sebelum subjek tanpa does.

8. Salah: Who did call you? Betul: Who called you? Penjelasan: Jangan gunakan did apabila who ialah subjek.