Panduan Tatabahasa

Apa itu?

There is dan there are digunakan untuk menyatakan bahawa sesuatu wujud atau hadir.

Gunakan there is dengan:

• satu orang atau benda
• kata nama tak boleh dikira

Gunakan there are dengan:

• dua atau lebih orang atau benda

Contoh:

• There is a book on the table.
• There is some milk in the fridge.
• There are three chairs in the room.

Bentuk ringkas bagi there is ialah there’s.

• There’s a café near my house.

Bila hendak digunakan

Gunakan there is dan there are untuk:

• memperkenalkan maklumat baharu
• menerangkan tempat
• menyatakan apa yang tersedia
• menyatakan berapa ramai orang atau berapa banyak benda yang hadir
• bercakap tentang acara atau masalah

Contoh:

• There is a bank next to the station.
• There are two bathrooms in the apartment.
• There is some food in the kitchen.
• There are many people outside.
• There is a problem with the computer.

Struktur

Ayat positif

Gunakan:

there is + kata nama tunggal

• There is a shop nearby.
• There is one window in the room.

Gunakan:

there is + kata nama tak boleh dikira

• There is some water in the bottle.
• There is a lot of traffic today.

Gunakan:

there are + kata nama jamak

• There are two shops nearby.
• There are several windows in the room.

Ayat negatif

Gunakan:

there is not + kata nama tunggal atau tak boleh dikira

• There is not a pharmacy nearby.
• There is not much time.

Bentuk ringkasnya ialah there isn’t.

Gunakan:

there are not + kata nama jamak

• There are not enough chairs.
• There are not any shops nearby.

Bentuk ringkasnya ialah there aren’t.

Soalan

Gunakan:

Is there + kata nama tunggal atau tak boleh dikira?

• Is there a bathroom here?
• Is there any coffee left?

Gunakan:

Are there + kata nama jamak?

• Are there any questions?
• Are there two bedrooms?

Jawapan ringkas

• Is there a bank nearby? — Yes, there is.
• Is there any milk? — No, there isn’t.
• Are there any tickets left? — Yes, there are.
• Are there many people? — No, there aren’t.

Menggunakan some dan any

Gunakan some terutamanya dalam ayat positif.

• There is some bread.
• There are some apples.

Gunakan any terutamanya dalam ayat negatif dan soalan.

• There isn’t any bread.
• Are there any apples?

Contoh

1. There is a supermarket near my house.
2. There are two cats in the garden.
3. There is some coffee in the kitchen.
4. There isn’t a bus stop on this street.
5. There aren’t any clean cups.
6. Is there a hotel near the airport?
7. Are there any messages for me?
8. There is a lot of traffic this morning.
9. There are several books on the desk.
10. There’s a meeting at three o’clock.

Pengecualian

Dalam pertuturan tidak formal, there’s kadangkala digunakan sebelum kata nama jamak.

• There’s two people outside.

Ini lazim dalam perbualan, tetapi there are ialah bentuk piawai.

• There are two people outside.

Frasa there is tidak bermaksud sama dengan it is.

• There is a café near the station. — Sebuah kafe wujud di sana.
• It is near the station. — Orang atau benda yang diketahui berada berhampiran stesen.

Gunakan there was dan there were untuk masa lampau.

• There was a problem yesterday.
• There were many people at the event.

Kesilapan biasa

1. Salah: There are a book on the table. Betul: There is a book on the table. Penjelasan: Gunakan there is dengan kata nama tunggal.

2. Salah: There is two chairs in the room. Betul: There are two chairs in the room. Penjelasan: Gunakan there are dengan kata nama jamak.

3. Salah: There are some milk in the fridge. Betul: There is some milk in the fridge. Penjelasan: Gunakan there is dengan kata nama tak boleh dikira.

4. Salah: Is there any shops nearby? Betul: Are there any shops nearby? Penjelasan: Gunakan are there dengan kata nama jamak.

5. Salah: There isn’t no food. Betul: There isn’t any food. Penjelasan: Elakkan penafian berganda. Gunakan any selepas isn’t.

6. Salah: Are there a bathroom here? Betul: Is there a bathroom here? Penjelasan: Gunakan is there dengan kata nama tunggal.

7. Salah: It is a problem with the door. Betul: There is a problem with the door. Penjelasan: Gunakan there is untuk memperkenalkan sesuatu yang wujud.

8. Salah: There have many people outside. Betul: There are many people outside. Penjelasan: Gunakan there are, bukan there have, untuk bercakap tentang orang atau benda yang hadir.