Panduan Tatabahasa

Apa itu?

Past Simple digunakan untuk bercakap tentang tindakan, peristiwa, dan situasi yang bermula dan berakhir pada masa lalu.

Contoh:

• Saya melawat kawan saya semalam.
• Dia bekerja dari rumah minggu lepas.
• Mereka pergi ke pawagam.

Kata kerja biasa biasanya membentuk Past Simple dengan -ed.

• work → worked
• play → played
• clean → cleaned

Kata kerja tidak sekata mempunyai bentuk lampau yang istimewa.

• go → went
• see → saw
• buy → bought
• have → had

Bila Digunakan

Gunakan Past Simple untuk:

• tindakan yang selesai pada masa lalu: Saya menyiapkan laporan semalam.
• siri tindakan yang selesai: Dia membuka pintu, berjalan masuk, dan duduk.
• tabiat masa lalu: Kami bermain di luar setiap hari.
• situasi masa lalu yang tidak lagi benar: Dia tinggal di London selama lima tahun.
• tindakan pada masa lalu yang spesifik: Mereka tiba pada pukul 8 malam.

Ungkapan masa lalu yang biasa termasuk:

• yesterday
• last night
• last week
• two days ago
• in 2020
• when I was a child

Struktur

Ayat positif

Untuk kata kerja biasa, gunakan:

subject + verb-ed

Untuk kata kerja tidak sekata, gunakan bentuk lampau yang istimewa.

Bentuk lampau adalah sama untuk setiap subjek.

• I worked.
• He worked.
• They worked.

Ayat negatif

Gunakan:

subject + did not + kata kerja dasar

Bentuk pendek did not ialah didn’t.

• I did not call him.
• She didn’t go to work.
• They didn’t understand the question.

Selepas didn’t, gunakan bentuk dasar kata kerja.

Soalan

Gunakan:

Did + subjek + kata kerja dasar?

• Did you call her?
• Did he finish the task?
• Did they arrive on time?

Jawapan pendek

• Did you see him? — Yes, I did.
• Did she call? — No, she didn’t.
• Did they leave? — Yes, they did.

Ejaan kata kerja biasa

Contoh

1. I watched a film last night.
2. She called me yesterday.
3. We visited our grandparents on Sunday.
4. He bought a new laptop.
5. They didn’t come to the meeting.
6. I didn’t understand the question.
7. Did you finish your homework?
8. Did she take the bus?
9. We lived in Calgary for three years.
10. He opened the window and turned on the light.

Pengecualian

Kata kerja to be tidak menggunakan did dalam soalan dan negatif Past Simple.

• I was tired.
• They were at home.
• She wasn’t ready.
• Were you busy?

Sesetengah kata kerja tidak sekata dan tidak menggunakan -ed.

• come → came
• write → wrote
• make → made
• find → found

Bentuk tidak sekata mesti dipelajari secara individu.

Kesilapan biasa

1. Salah: I goed to work yesterday. Betul: I went to work yesterday. Penjelasan: Go ialah kata kerja tidak sekata. Bentuk lampaunya ialah went.

2. Salah: She didn’t went home. Betul: She didn’t go home. Penjelasan: Gunakan kata kerja dasar selepas didn’t.

3. Salah: Did you saw him? Betul: Did you see him? Penjelasan: Gunakan kata kerja dasar selepas did.

4. Salah: He work yesterday. Betul: He worked yesterday. Penjelasan: Gunakan bentuk Past Simple untuk tindakan yang selesai pada masa lalu.

5. Salah: They was late. Betul: They were late. Penjelasan: Gunakan were dengan they.

6. Salah: I didn’t called her. Betul: I didn’t call her. Penjelasan: Jangan gunakan bentuk lampau selepas didn’t.

7. Salah: Did she finished the task? Betul: Did she finish the task? Penjelasan: Gunakan bentuk dasar selepas did.

8. Salah: We studyed English yesterday. Betul: We studied English yesterday. Penjelasan: Tukar konsonan + y kepada i sebelum menambah -ed.