Apa itu?
Kata ganti nama diri ialah perkataan pendek yang digunakan sebagai ganti nama atau kata nama.
Ia membantu mengelakkan pengulangan orang, haiwan, tempat, atau benda yang sama.
Bahasa Inggeris mempunyai kata ganti nama subjek dan kata ganti nama objek.
| Kata ganti nama subjek | Kata ganti nama objek |
|---|---|
| I | me |
| you | you |
| he | him |
| she | her |
| it | it |
| we | us |
| they | them |
Kata ganti nama subjek melakukan tindakan.
- She works here.
- They know my brother.
Kata ganti nama objek menerima tindakan atau datang selepas kata depan.
- I called her.
- He spoke to them.
Bila untuk digunakan
Gunakan kata ganti nama subjek sebelum kata kerja.
- I live in Canada.
- You look tired.
- He plays football.
- She works at a hospital.
- It is very cold.
- We study English.
- They have two children.
Gunakan kata ganti nama objek selepas kata kerja.
- She knows me.
- I can help you.
- We invited him.
- They called her.
- Please open it.
- He visited us.
- I saw them.
Gunakan kata ganti nama objek selepas kata depan seperti to, for, with, dan from.
- Talk to me.
- This gift is for her.
- Come with us.
- I received a message from them.
Struktur
Kata ganti nama subjek
Gunakan:
kata ganti nama subjek + kata kerja
| Kata ganti nama | Penggunaan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| I | penutur | I am ready. |
| you | orang atau orang yang diajak bercakap | You are welcome. |
| he | seorang lelaki | He lives nearby. |
| she | seorang perempuan | She speaks French. |
| it | satu benda, haiwan, atau situasi | It looks expensive. |
| we | penutur dan orang lain | We work together. |
| they | orang, haiwan, atau benda lain | They are outside. |
Kata ganti nama objek
Gunakan:
subjek + kata kerja + kata ganti nama objek
- She called me.
- I know him.
- We invited them.
Gunakan:
kata depan + kata ganti nama objek
- with her
- for us
- from him
- to them
Menggunakan it
Gunakan it untuk:
- benda: I bought a phone. It is new.
- haiwan apabila jantinanya tidak diketahui atau tidak penting: The dog is outside. It is hungry.
- cuaca: It is raining.
- masa: It is six o’clock.
- jarak: It is five kilometres away.
Menggunakan they
Gunakan they untuk orang, haiwan, dan benda yang jamak.
- My parents are here. They are waiting.
- The books are new. They are expensive.
They juga boleh merujuk kepada satu orang apabila jantina orang itu tidak diketahui, tidak penting, atau tidak dinyatakan.
- Someone left their phone. They may return for it.
Contoh
- I work from home.
- She is my new manager.
- He called me yesterday.
- We invited them to dinner.
- The children are tired, so they are going to bed.
- This is my phone. It is very old.
- Can you help us?
- I spoke to her after work.
- My brother lives nearby, and I visit him often.
- Someone is at the door. They are waiting outside.
Pengecualian
Kata ganti nama I sentiasa ditulis dengan huruf besar.
- Betul: Anna and I are friends.
- Salah: Anna and i are friends.
Gunakan you untuk satu orang atau beberapa orang.
- You are my friend.
- You are all welcome.
Haiwan boleh dipanggil he atau she apabila jantinanya diketahui atau apabila mereka dilayan sebagai individu.
- This is my dog, Max. He is very friendly.
Gunakan it untuk ungkapan cuaca, masa, dan jarak umum, walaupun ia tidak menggantikan kata nama tertentu.
- It is sunny.
- It is midnight.
- It is far from here.
Kesilapan biasa
-
Salah: Me live in Canada. Betul: I live in Canada. Penjelasan: Gunakan kata ganti nama subjek I sebelum kata kerja.
-
Salah: She called I yesterday. Betul: She called me yesterday. Penjelasan: Gunakan kata ganti nama objek me selepas kata kerja.
-
Salah: Him is my brother. Betul: He is my brother. Penjelasan: Gunakan kata ganti nama subjek he sebagai subjek.
-
Salah: I spoke to she. Betul: I spoke to her. Penjelasan: Gunakan kata ganti nama objek selepas kata depan.
-
Salah: My friends are here. He are waiting. Betul: My friends are here. They are waiting. Penjelasan: Gunakan they untuk lebih daripada satu orang.
-
Salah: The car is new. She is expensive. Betul: The car is new. It is expensive. Penjelasan: Gunakan it untuk benda.
-
Salah: Us work together. Betul: We work together. Penjelasan: Gunakan kata ganti nama subjek we sebelum kata kerja.
-
Salah: Please help we. Betul: Please help us. Penjelasan: Gunakan kata ganti nama objek us selepas kata kerja.