Grammatikkguide

Hva er det?

How much og how many brukes for å spørre om mengde.

Bruk how much med utellelige substantiver. Utellelige substantiver beskriver ting som normalt ikke telles som separate enkeltgjenstander.

• How much water do you drink?
• How much time do we have?

Bruk how many med tellbare substantiver i flertall. Tellelige substantiver kan telles som separate gjenstander.

• How many books do you own?
• How many people are coming?

Very brukes før et adjektiv eller adverb for å gjøre betydningen sterkere. Det betyr «i høy grad».

• The coffee is very hot.
• She speaks very slowly.

Når du skal bruke dem

Bruk how much for å spørre om mengden av noe som er utellelig.

Vanlige utellelige substantiver inkluderer:

• water

• milk

• money

• time

• information

• rice

• sugar

• work

• How much money do you need?

• How much rice should I cook?

Bruk how many for å spørre om antallet av tellbare ting.

• How many chairs are in the room?
• How many emails did you receive?

Bruk how much for å spørre om prisen på noe.

• How much is this jacket?
• How much are those shoes?

Bruk very for å forsterke et adjektiv.

• The room is very cold.
• That film was very interesting.

Bruk very for å forsterke et adverb.

• He drives very carefully.
• She finished very quickly.

Struktur

Spørsmål med how much

Bruk:

how much + utellelig substantiv + hjelpeverb + subjekt + hovedverb?

Med verbet be, bruk:

how much + utellelig substantiv + is/was + predikativ?

• How much milk is in the fridge?
• How much time was available?

For å spørre om pris, bruk:

how much + is/are + substantiv?

• How much is the ticket?
• How much are these bags?

Spørsmål med how many

Bruk:

how many + tellbart substantiv i flertall + hjelpeverb + subjekt + hovedverb?

Med verbet be, bruk:

how many + tellbart substantiv i flertall + are/were + predikativ?

• How many students are in the class?
• How many people were at the meeting?

Setninger med much og many

Much og many er vanlige i negative setninger og spørsmål.

• We do not have much time.
• She does not have many friends.
• Do you drink much coffee?
• Are there many shops nearby?

I bekreftende setninger er a lot of ofte mer naturlig.

• We have a lot of time.
• She has a lot of friends.

Setninger med very

Bruk:

very + adjektiv

• very cold
• very expensive
• very tired

Bruk:

very + adverb

• very slowly
• very carefully
• very well

I en fullstendig setning:

subjekt + verb + very + adjektiv/adverb

• The test was very difficult.
• He answered very politely.

Bruk normalt ikke very direkte før et substantiv.

• a very interesting book
• ikke a very book

Eksempler

1. How much water do you drink every day?
2. How much money did the trip cost?
3. How much is this blue shirt?
4. How many brothers do you have?
5. How many people work in this office?
6. How many apples should we buy?
7. This bag is very heavy.
8. She is very happy with her new job.
9. He speaks English very well.
10. The children walked very slowly.

Unntak

Noen substantiver kan være tellbare eller utellelige avhengig av betydningen.

• How much coffee do you drink?
• How many coffees did you order?

I den første setningen betyr coffee drikken generelt. I den andre setningen betyr coffees separate kopper eller porsjoner.

Bruk vanligvis ikke very med adjektiver som allerede uttrykker en ekstrem betydning.

I stedet for very excellent, bruk excellent.

I stedet for very impossible, bruk impossible.

Noen ekstreme adjektiver kan forsterkes med ord som absolutely eller completely.

• absolutely impossible
• completely empty

Vanlige feil

1. Feil: How many water do you drink? Riktig: How much water do you drink? Forklaring: Water er et utellelig substantiv, så bruk how much.

2. Feil: How much books do you have? Riktig: How many books do you have? Forklaring: Books er et tellbart substantiv i flertall, så bruk how many.

3. Feil: How many money do you need? Riktig: How much money do you need? Forklaring: Money er utellelig på engelsk.

4. Feil: How much apples are there? Riktig: How many apples are there? Forklaring: Bruk how many med tellbare substantiver i flertall.

5. Feil: How much is these shoes? Riktig: How much are these shoes? Forklaring: Bruk are fordi shoes er i flertall.

6. Feil: She is very a friendly person. Riktig: She is a very friendly person. Forklaring: Plasser very før adjektivet, ikke før artikkelen.

7. Feil: He drives very careful. Riktig: He drives very carefully. Forklaring: Bruk et adverb for å beskrive hvordan noen kjører.

8. Feil: I have much friends. Riktig: I have many friends. Forklaring: Bruk many med tellbare substantiver i flertall.