Hva er det?
Past Simple brukes for å snakke om handlinger, hendelser og situasjoner som startet og ble avsluttet i fortiden.
Eksempler:
- I visited my friend yesterday.
- She worked from home last week.
- They went to the cinema.
Regelrette verb danner vanligvis Past Simple med -ed.
- work → worked
- play → played
- clean → cleaned
Uregelrette verb har spesielle preteritumsformer.
- go → went
- see → saw
- buy → bought
- have → had
Når brukes det?
Bruk Past Simple for:
- avsluttede handlinger i fortiden: I finished the report yesterday.
- en serie av avsluttede handlinger: She opened the door, walked inside, and sat down.
- tidligere vaner: We played outside every day.
- tidligere situasjoner som ikke lenger er sanne: He lived in London for five years.
- handlinger på et bestemt tidspunkt i fortiden: They arrived at 8 p.m.
Vanlige tidsuttrykk for fortid inkluderer:
- yesterday
- last night
- last week
- two days ago
- in 2020
- when I was a child
Struktur
Bekreftende setninger
For regelrette verb, bruk:
subject + verb-ed
| Subjekt | Verb | Eksempel |
|---|---|---|
| I | worked | I worked yesterday. |
| She | played | She played tennis. |
| They | visited | They visited us. |
For uregelrette verb, bruk den spesielle preteritumsformen.
| Grunnverb | Preteritumsform | Eksempel |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | We went home. |
| see | saw | I saw Anna. |
| buy | bought | He bought a car. |
| take | took | She took the bus. |
Preteritumsformen er den samme for alle subjekter.
- I worked.
- He worked.
- They worked.
Negative setninger
Bruk:
subject + did not + grunnverb
Kortformen av did not er didn’t.
- I did not call him.
- She didn’t go to work.
- They didn’t understand the question.
Etter didn’t, bruk grunnformen av verbet.
Spørsmål
Bruk:
Did + subjekt + grunnverb?
- Did you call her?
- Did he finish the task?
- Did they arrive on time?
Korte svar
- Did you see him? — Yes, I did.
- Did she call? — No, she didn’t.
- Did they leave? — Yes, they did.
Stavemåte for regelrette verb
| Regel | Grunnverb | Preteritumsform |
|---|---|---|
| De fleste verb: legg til -ed | work | worked |
| Verb som slutter på -e: legg til -d | live | lived |
| Konsonant + y: endre y til i og legg til -ed | study | studied |
| Kort trykksterk vokal + konsonant: dobbel slutkonsonanten | stop | stopped |
Eksempler
- I watched a film last night.
- She called me yesterday.
- We visited our grandparents on Sunday.
- He bought a new laptop.
- They didn’t come to the meeting.
- I didn’t understand the question.
- Did you finish your homework?
- Did she take the bus?
- We lived in Calgary for three years.
- He opened the window and turned on the light.
Unntak
Verbet to be bruker ikke did i spørsmål og negasjoner i Past Simple.
- I was tired.
- They were at home.
- She wasn’t ready.
- Were you busy?
Noen verb er uregelrette og bruker ikke -ed.
- come → came
- write → wrote
- make → made
- find → found
Uregelrette former må læres enkeltvis.
Vanlige feil
-
Feil: I goed to work yesterday. Riktig: I went to work yesterday. Forklaring: Go er uregelrett. Preteritumsformen er went.
-
Feil: She didn’t went home. Riktig: She didn’t go home. Forklaring: Bruk grunnverbet etter didn’t.
-
Feil: Did you saw him? Riktig: Did you see him? Forklaring: Bruk grunnverbet etter did.
-
Feil: He work yesterday. Riktig: He worked yesterday. Forklaring: Bruk Past Simple-formen for en avsluttet handling i fortiden.
-
Feil: They was late. Riktig: They were late. Forklaring: Bruk were med they.
-
Feil: I didn’t called her. Riktig: I didn’t call her. Forklaring: Ikke bruk preteritumsformen etter didn’t.
-
Feil: Did she finished the task? Riktig: Did she finish the task? Forklaring: Bruk grunnformen etter did.
-
Feil: We studyed English yesterday. Riktig: We studied English yesterday. Forklaring: Endre konsonant + y til i før du legger til -ed.