Kas tas ir?
Prievārdi ir īsi vārdi, kas savieno lietvārdu vai vietniekvārdu ar citu teikuma daļu.
Tie bieži norāda:
- vietu: in, on, under, next to
- laiku: at, on, in
- kustību: to, into, from
- stāvokli vai virzienu: behind, between, across
Piemēri:
- The keys are on the table.
- We meet at six.
- She walked to the station.
- The cat is under the chair.
Kad lietot
Lieto vietas prievārdus, lai norādītu, kur kaut kas atrodas.
- in the room
- on the desk
- under the bed
- next to the window
- between two buildings
Lieto laika prievārdus, lai norādītu, kad kaut kas notiek.
- at five o’clock
- on Monday
- in July
Lieto kustības prievārdus, lai norādītu virzienu.
- go to school
- walk into the room
- come from Canada
- run across the street
Struktūra
Prievārds parasti atrodas pirms lietvārda, vietniekvārda vai lietvārda frāzes.
prievārds + lietvārds vai vietniekvārds
- in the kitchen
- with my friend
- behind them
- after work
Biežāk lietotie vietas prievārdi
| Prievārds | Lietojums | Piemērs |
|---|---|---|
| in | iekšpusē apgabalā vai telpā | The milk is in the fridge. |
| on | saskaroties ar virsmu | The book is on the table. |
| at | konkrēts punkts vai vieta | She is at the bus stop. |
| under | zemāk par kaut ko | The shoes are under the bed. |
| above | augstāk par kaut ko | The picture is above the sofa. |
| behind | aizmugurē kaut kam | The garden is behind the house. |
| in front of | pirms vai priekšā kaut kam | The car is in front of the building. |
| next to | blakus kaut kam | The bank is next to the shop. |
| between | vidū starp divām lietām | The café is between the bank and the hotel. |
| near | tuvu kaut kam | We live near the station. |
Biežāk lietotie laika prievārdi
| Prievārds | Lietojums | Piemērs |
|---|---|---|
| at | precīzs laiks | at 7:30 |
| on | dienas un datumi | on Friday |
| in | mēneši, gadi, gadalaiki, ilgāki periodi | in August |
| before | agrāk par noteiktu laiku | before dinner |
| after | vēlāk par noteiktu laiku | after work |
| during | noteiktā periodā vai notikuma laikā | during the meeting |
Biežāk lietotie kustības prievārdi
| Prievārds | Lietojums | Piemērs |
|---|---|---|
| to | virzienā uz galamērķi | We went to the park. |
| from | sākuma punkts | She came from work. |
| into | kustība no ārpuses uz iekšpusi | He walked into the room. |
| out of | kustība no iekšpuses uz ārpusi | They ran out of the house. |
| across | no vienas puses uz otru | We walked across the bridge. |
| through | no vienas daļas uz otru | The train went through the tunnel. |
| along | sekojot līnijai vai ceļam | They walked along the river. |
| past | pārvietojoties garām kaut kam | She drove past the school. |
Piemēri
- The phone is on the desk.
- She is waiting at the station.
- We live in a small apartment.
- The dog is under the table.
- I have a meeting on Tuesday.
- They moved here in 2024.
- He arrived at nine o’clock.
- She walked into the kitchen.
- We drove across the bridge.
- The supermarket is next to the bank.
Izņēmumi
Dažās izteiksmēs tiek lietoti fiksēti prievārdi, un tās ir jāapgūst kā pilnas frāzes.
- at home
- at work
- by car
- on foot
- in bed
- on time
- interested in
- good at
Prievārdi dažādās valodās var atšķirties, tāpēc tiešs tulkojums ne vienmēr ir pareizs.
Daži darbības vārdi angļu valodā nelieto prievārdu.
- Pareizi: enter the room
- Nepareizi: enter into the room
Tomēr go into the room ir pareizi, jo into norāda kustību.
Biežāk pieļautās kļūdas
-
Nepareizi: I am in home. Pareizi: I am at home. Paskaidrojums: Lieto fiksēto izteiksmi at home.
-
Nepareizi: We will meet in Monday. Pareizi: We will meet on Monday. Paskaidrojums: Lieto on ar dienām.
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Nepareizi: The meeting starts on 8:00. Pareizi: The meeting starts at 8:00. Paskaidrojums: Lieto at ar precīzu laiku.
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Nepareizi: She was born on 1995. Pareizi: She was born in 1995. Paskaidrojums: Lieto in ar gadiem.
-
Nepareizi: The cat is in the table. Pareizi: The cat is under the table. Paskaidrojums: Lieto prievārdu, kas pareizi apraksta stāvokli.
-
Nepareizi: He went in the room. Pareizi: He went into the room. Paskaidrojums: Lieto into, lai norādītu kustību no ārpuses uz iekšpusi.
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Nepareizi: We arrived to the airport. Pareizi: We arrived at the airport. Paskaidrojums: Lieto arrive at, lai norādītu konkrētu vietu.
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Nepareizi: She entered into the office. Pareizi: She entered the office. Paskaidrojums: Darbības vārds enter parasti neprasa into.