Gramatikas ceļvedis

Kas tas ir?

Īpašības vārdi (possessive adjectives) norāda, kam kaut kas pieder vai ar ko kaut kas ir saistīts.

Tie tiek lietoti pirms lietvārda.

Angļu valodas īpašības vārdi (possessive adjectives) ir:

Piemēri:

• This is my coat.
• Her brother lives in London.
• Their car is outside.

Kad lietot

Lieto īpašības vārdus (possessive adjectives), lai runātu par:

• īpašumu: This is my laptop.
• ģimenes attiecībām: Her mother is a teacher.
• ķermeņa daļām: He hurt his arm.
• personīgajām mantām: Where are your keys?
• vietām, kas saistītas ar kādu: Our office is nearby.
• dzīvniekiem vai lietām: The dog is eating its food.

Lieto īpašības vārdu (possessive adjective) pirms lietvārda, ko tas apraksta.

• my friend
• your address
• his job
• her name
• our room
• their house

Struktūra

Pamata struktūra ir:

īpašības vārds (possessive adjective) + lietvārds

Īpašības vārdi (possessive adjectives) nemainās atkarībā no tā, vai lietvārds ir vienskaitlī vai daudzskaitlī.

• my book
• my books
• their child
• their children

Izvēlies īpašības vārdu (possessive adjective) atbilstoši īpašniekam, nevis lietai, kas tiek īpašumā.

• Anna has a car. Her car is red.
• Mark has a car. His car is red.
• Anna and Mark have a car. Their car is red.

Nelieto artikulu pirms īpašības vārda (possessive adjective).

• Pareizi: my friend
• Nepareizi: the my friend

Piemēri

1. My name is Daniel.
2. Where is your passport?
3. His sister works at a hospital.
4. Her children are at school.
5. The cat is washing its face.
6. Our apartment is very small.
7. Their parents live in Canada.
8. I cannot find my keys.
9. She is talking to her manager.
10. We invited our friends to dinner.

Izņēmumi

Its ir īpašības vārds (possessive adjective).

• The company changed its name.

It’s ir saīsinātā forma no it is vai it has.

• It’s cold today.
• It’s been a long day.

Nelieto apostrofu īpašības vārdā (possessive adjective) its.

Īpašības vārdi (possessive adjectives) atšķiras no īpašības vietniekvārdiem (possessive pronouns).

• This is my book.
• This book is mine.

Īpašības vārdam (possessive adjective) vienmēr jāseko lietvārdam. Īpašības vietniekvārds (possessive pronoun) aizstāj lietvārdu.

Biežākās kļūdas

1. Nepareizi: She is my sister. His name is Anna. Pareizi: She is my sister. Her name is Anna. Paskaidrojums: Lieto her, ja īpašniece ir sieviete.

2. Nepareizi: He has a car. Her car is new. Pareizi: He has a car. His car is new. Paskaidrojums: Lieto his, ja īpašnieks ir vīrietis.

3. Nepareizi: This is mine book. Pareizi: This is my book. Paskaidrojums: Pirms lietvārda lieto īpašības vārdu (possessive adjective) my.

4. Nepareizi: The dog is eating it’s food. Pareizi: The dog is eating its food. Paskaidrojums: Its norāda uz īpašumu. It’s nozīmē it is vai it has.

5. Nepareizi: This is the my phone. Pareizi: This is my phone. Paskaidrojums: Nelieto artikulu pirms īpašības vārda (possessive adjective).

6. Nepareizi: We live here. Their house is small. Pareizi: We live here. Our house is small. Paskaidrojums: Lieto our, ja īpašnieki ir we.

7. Nepareizi: They are washing their car, and she is cleaning their window. Pareizi: They are washing their car, and she is cleaning her window. Paskaidrojums: Izvēlies īpašības vārdu (possessive adjective) atbilstoši īpašniekam.

8. Nepareizi: My books is on the table. Pareizi: My books are on the table. Paskaidrojums: Īpašības vārds (possessive adjective) nemainās, bet darbības vārdam jāsaskaņojas ar lietvārda skaitli.