Kas tas ir?
Past Simple lieto, lai runātu par darbībām, notikumiem un situācijām, kas sākās un beidzās pagātnē.
Piemēri:
- I visited my friend yesterday.
- She worked from home last week.
- They went to the cinema.
Regulārie darbības vārdi parasti veido Past Simple ar -ed.
- work → worked
- play → played
- clean → cleaned
Neregulārajiem darbības vārdiem ir īpašas pagātnes formas.
- go → went
- see → saw
- buy → bought
- have → had
Kad lietot
Lieto Past Simple, lai izteiktu:
- pabeigtas darbības pagātnē: I finished the report yesterday.
- secīgas pabeigtas darbības: She opened the door, walked inside, and sat down.
- pagātnes paradumus: We played outside every day.
- pagātnes situācijas, kas vairs nav patiesas: He lived in London for five years.
- darbības konkrētā pagātnes laikā: They arrived at 8 p.m.
Bieži lietotie pagātnes laika izteicieni:
- yesterday
- last night
- last week
- two days ago
- in 2020
- when I was a child
Uzbūve
Apstiprinoši teikumi
Regulārajiem darbības vārdiem lieto:
subject + verb-ed
| Subjekts | Darbības vārds | Piemērs |
|---|---|---|
| I | worked | I worked yesterday. |
| She | played | She played tennis. |
| They | visited | They visited us. |
Neregulārajiem darbības vārdiem lieto īpašo pagātnes formu.
| Pamatforma | Pagātnes forma | Piemērs |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | We went home. |
| see | saw | I saw Anna. |
| buy | bought | He bought a car. |
| take | took | She took the bus. |
Pagātnes forma ir vienāda visiem subjektiem.
- I worked.
- He worked.
- They worked.
Nolieguma teikumi
Lieto:
subject + did not + pamatforma
did not īsā forma ir didn’t.
- I did not call him.
- She didn’t go to work.
- They didn’t understand the question.
Pēc didn’t lieto darbības vārda pamatformu.
Jautājumi
Lieto:
Did + subjekts + pamatforma?
- Did you call her?
- Did he finish the task?
- Did they arrive on time?
Īsās atbildes
- Did you see him? — Yes, I did.
- Did she call? — No, she didn’t.
- Did they leave? — Yes, they did.
Regulāro darbības vārdu pareizrakstība
| Noteikums | Pamatforma | Pagātnes forma |
|---|---|---|
| Lielākajai daļai darbības vārdu: pievieno -ed | work | worked |
| Darbības vārdiem, kas beidzas ar -e: pievieno -d | live | lived |
| Līdzskanis + y: maina y uz i un pievieno -ed | study | studied |
| Īss uzsvērts patskanis + līdzskanis: dubulto beigu līdzskani | stop | stopped |
Piemēri
- I watched a film last night.
- She called me yesterday.
- We visited our grandparents on Sunday.
- He bought a new laptop.
- They didn’t come to the meeting.
- I didn’t understand the question.
- Did you finish your homework?
- Did she take the bus?
- We lived in Calgary for three years.
- He opened the window and turned on the light.
Izņēmumi
Darbības vārds to be nelieto did Past Simple jautājumos un noliegumos.
- I was tired.
- They were at home.
- She wasn’t ready.
- Were you busy?
Daži darbības vārdi ir neregulāri un nelieto -ed.
- come → came
- write → wrote
- make → made
- find → found
Neregulārās formas jāiemācās atsevišķi.
Biežākās kļūdas
-
Nepareizi: I goed to work yesterday. Pareizi: I went to work yesterday. Paskaidrojums: Go ir neregulārs. Tā pagātnes forma ir went.
-
Nepareizi: She didn’t went home. Pareizi: She didn’t go home. Paskaidrojums: Pēc didn’t lieto darbības vārda pamatformu.
-
Nepareizi: Did you saw him? Pareizi: Did you see him? Paskaidrojums: Pēc did lieto darbības vārda pamatformu.
-
Nepareizi: He work yesterday. Pareizi: He worked yesterday. Paskaidrojums: Pabeigtai darbībai pagātnē lieto Past Simple formu.
-
Nepareizi: They was late. Pareizi: They were late. Paskaidrojums: Ar they lieto were.
-
Nepareizi: I didn’t called her. Pareizi: I didn’t call her. Paskaidrojums: Pēc didn’t nelieto pagātnes formu.
-
Nepareizi: Did she finished the task? Pareizi: Did she finish the task? Paskaidrojums: Pēc did lieto pamatformu.
-
Nepareizi: We studyed English yesterday. Pareizi: We studied English yesterday. Paskaidrojums: Pirms -ed pievienošanas līdzskanis + y jāmaina uz i.