Gramatikas ceļvedis

Kas tas ir?

There is un there are tiek lietoti, lai teiktu, ka kaut kas eksistē vai ir klātesošs.

Lieto there is ar:

• vienu cilvēku vai lietu
• neskaitāmiem lietvārdiem

Lieto there are ar:

• diviem vai vairāk cilvēkiem vai lietām

Piemēri:

• There is a book on the table.
• There is some milk in the fridge.
• There are three chairs in the room.

Īsā forma there is ir there’s.

• There’s a café near my house.

Kad lietot

Lieto there is un there are, lai:

• iepazīstinātu ar jaunu informāciju
• aprakstītu vietas
• teiktu, kas ir pieejams
• teiktu, cik cilvēku vai lietu ir klātesošu
• runātu par notikumiem vai problēmām

Piemēri:

• There is a bank next to the station.
• There are two bathrooms in the apartment.
• There is some food in the kitchen.
• There are many people outside.
• There is a problem with the computer.

Struktūra

Apstiprinoši teikumi

Lieto:

there is + vienskaitļa lietvārds

• There is a shop nearby.
• There is one window in the room.

Lieto:

there is + neskaitāms lietvārds

• There is some water in the bottle.
• There is a lot of traffic today.

Lieto:

there are + daudzskaitļa lietvārds

• There are two shops nearby.
• There are several windows in the room.

Noliedzoši teikumi

Lieto:

there is not + vienskaitļa vai neskaitāms lietvārds

• There is not a pharmacy nearby.
• There is not much time.

Īsā forma ir there isn’t.

Lieto:

there are not + daudzskaitļa lietvārds

• There are not enough chairs.
• There are not any shops nearby.

Īsā forma ir there aren’t.

Jautājumi

Lieto:

Is there + vienskaitļa vai neskaitāms lietvārds?

• Is there a bathroom here?
• Is there any coffee left?

Lieto:

Are there + daudzskaitļa lietvārds?

• Are there any questions?
• Are there two bedrooms?

Īsās atbildes

• Is there a bank nearby? — Yes, there is.
• Is there any milk? — No, there isn’t.
• Are there any tickets left? — Yes, there are.
• Are there many people? — No, there aren’t.

Some un any lietošana

Lieto some galvenokārt apstiprinošos teikumos.

• There is some bread.
• There are some apples.

Lieto any galvenokārt noliedzošos teikumos un jautājumos.

• There isn’t any bread.
• Are there any apples?

Piemēri

1. There is a supermarket near my house.
2. There are two cats in the garden.
3. There is some coffee in the kitchen.
4. There isn’t a bus stop on this street.
5. There aren’t any clean cups.
6. Is there a hotel near the airport?
7. Are there any messages for me?
8. There is a lot of traffic this morning.
9. There are several books on the desk.
10. There’s a meeting at three o’clock.

Izņēmumi

Neformālā runā there’s dažreiz tiek lietots pirms daudzskaitļa lietvārda.

• There’s two people outside.

Tas ir izplatīts sarunvalodā, bet there are ir standarta forma.

• There are two people outside.

Frāze there is nenozīmē to pašu, ko it is.

• There is a café near the station. — A café exists there.
• It is near the station. — A known person or thing is near the station.

Pagātnes formām lieto there was un there were.

• There was a problem yesterday.
• There were many people at the event.

Biežākās kļūdas

1. Nepareizi: There are a book on the table. Pareizi: There is a book on the table. Paskaidrojums: Lieto there is ar vienskaitļa lietvārdu.

2. Nepareizi: There is two chairs in the room. Pareizi: There are two chairs in the room. Paskaidrojums: Lieto there are ar daudzskaitļa lietvārdiem.

3. Nepareizi: There are some milk in the fridge. Pareizi: There is some milk in the fridge. Paskaidrojums: Lieto there is ar neskaitāmiem lietvārdiem.

4. Nepareizi: Is there any shops nearby? Pareizi: Are there any shops nearby? Paskaidrojums: Lieto are there ar daudzskaitļa lietvārdiem.

5. Nepareizi: There isn’t no food. Pareizi: There isn’t any food. Paskaidrojums: Izvairies no dubultā nolieguma. Lieto any pēc isn’t.

6. Nepareizi: Are there a bathroom here? Pareizi: Is there a bathroom here? Paskaidrojums: Lieto is there ar vienskaitļa lietvārdu.

7. Nepareizi: It is a problem with the door. Pareizi: There is a problem with the door. Paskaidrojums: Lieto there is, lai iepazīstinātu ar kaut ko, kas eksistē.

8. Nepareizi: There have many people outside. Pareizi: There are many people outside. Paskaidrojums: Lieto there are, nevis there have, lai runātu par cilvēkiem vai lietām, kas ir klātesoši.