Kas tas ir?
Darbības vārds to be tiek lietots, lai aprakstītu cilvēkus, lietas, vietas, sajūtas, vecumu, profesijas un situācijas.
Tagadnes formas ir:
- am
- is
- are
Lieto am ar I.
- I am tired.
Lieto is ar he, she un it.
- He is at home.
- She is a teacher.
- It is cold.
Lieto are ar you, we un they.
- You are ready.
- We are friends.
- They are busy.
Kad lietot
Lieto to be, lai runātu par:
- identitāti: I am Daniel.
- profesijām: She is a nurse.
- vecumu: He is twenty years old.
- sajūtām: We are happy.
- aprakstiem: The room is small.
- atrašanās vietu: They are at work.
- tautību: She is Canadian.
- laikapstākļiem un laiku: It is cold. It is six o’clock.
Lieto nolieguma formas, lai teiktu, ka kaut kas nav patiess.
- I am not tired.
- He is not at home.
- They are not ready.
Lieto jautājumus, lai jautātu par identitāti, stāvokli, atrašanās vietu, vecumu vai aprakstu.
- Are you tired?
- Is she at work?
- Are they students?
Struktūra
Apstiprinoši teikumi
Lieto:
subject + am/is/are + complement
| Subjekts | Forma | Piemērs |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | I am ready. |
| he / she / it | is | She is busy. |
| you / we / they | are | They are outside. |
Bieži lietotie saīsinājumi ir:
| Pilnā forma | Īsā forma |
|---|---|
| I am | I’m |
| he is | he’s |
| she is | she’s |
| it is | it’s |
| you are | you’re |
| we are | we’re |
| they are | they’re |
Nolieguma teikumi
Lieto:
subject + am/is/are + not + complement
| Subjekts | Pilnā forma | Īsā forma |
|---|---|---|
| I | am not | I’m not |
| he / she / it | is not | isn’t |
| you / we / they | are not | aren’t |
Piemēri:
- I’m not hungry.
- She isn’t at home.
- We aren’t late.
Formas he’s not, she’s not, you’re not un they’re not arī ir pareizas.
Jautājumi
Lieciet am, is vai are pirms subjekta.
am/is/are + subject + complement?
| Apgalvojums | Jautājums |
|---|---|
| You are tired. | Are you tired? |
| She is at work. | Is she at work? |
| They are ready. | Are they ready? |
| I am late. | Am I late? |
Īsās atbildes
Īsajās atbildēs lieto am, is vai are.
- Are you ready? — Yes, I am.
- Is he at home? — No, he isn’t.
- Are they busy? — Yes, they are.
- Is she a doctor? — No, she isn’t.
Īsajās atbildēs parasti nelieto apstiprinošus saīsinājumus.
- Pareizi: Yes, I am.
- Nepareizi: Yes, I’m.
Piemēri
- I am a software developer.
- She is very tired today.
- They are at the bus stop.
- I’m not hungry.
- He isn’t at work.
- We aren’t ready yet.
- Are you from Canada?
- Is your brother at home?
- Are the children tired?
- Why is the door open?
Izņēmumi
Formālajos jautājumos lieto am I not?.
- Am I not invited?
Ikdienas angļu valodā negatīvajos jautājumos un jautājumu piebildēs bieži lieto aren’t I?.
- Aren’t I invited?
- I’m late, aren’t I?
Nelieto do, does vai did kopā ar to be.
- Pareizi: Is she tired?
- Nepareizi: Does she be tired?
Darbības vārds to be vienkāršos aprakstos neizmanto atsevišķu pamata darbības vārdu.
- She is happy.
- They are at home.
Biežākās kļūdas
-
Nepareizi: I is tired. Pareizi: I am tired. Paskaidrojums: Lieto am ar I.
-
Nepareizi: They is at home. Pareizi: They are at home. Paskaidrojums: Lieto are ar they.
-
Nepareizi: She not is ready. Pareizi: She is not ready. Paskaidrojums: Liec not pēc is.
-
Nepareizi: I don’t am hungry. Pareizi: I am not hungry. Paskaidrojums: Nelieto do kopā ar to be.
-
Nepareizi: Does he be at work? Pareizi: Is he at work? Paskaidrojums: Liec is pirms subjekta, lai veidotu jautājumu.
-
Nepareizi: Are she tired? Pareizi: Is she tired? Paskaidrojums: Lieto is ar she.
-
Nepareizi: Is they ready? Pareizi: Are they ready? Paskaidrojums: Lieto are ar they.
-
Nepareizi: Yes, I’m. Pareizi: Yes, I am. Paskaidrojums: Īsajā atbildē parasti nelieto apstiprinošu saīsinājumu.