Kas tas ir?
Be going to tiek lietots, lai runātu par nākotnes plāniem, nodomiem un prognozēm, kas balstītas uz pašreizējiem pierādījumiem.
To veido ar pareizo be formu, kam seko going to un darbības vārda pamatforma.
- I am going to travel next month.
- She is going to study tonight.
- They are going to move soon.
Be forma mainās atkarībā no subjekta.
Kad lietot
Lieto be going to, lai izteiktu nākotnes plānu vai nodomu, kas jau ir izlemts.
- I am going to call my mother tonight.
- We are going to buy a new table.
- He is going to start a new job.
Lieto be going to, lai izteiktu prognozi, kas balstīta uz kaut ko, ko var redzēt vai zināt tagad.
- Look at those clouds. It is going to rain.
- That glass is going to fall.
- She studied very hard. She is going to pass the test.
Parasti nelieto going to, lai izteiktu lēmumu, kas pieņemts tieši runas brīdī. Šādam lēmumam biežāk lieto will.
- The phone is ringing. I will answer it.
Struktūra
Apstiprinoši teikumi
Lieto:
subject + am/is/are + going to + base verb
| Subjekts | Be | Going to | Darbības vārda pamatforma |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | am | going to | work |
| he, she, it | is | going to | work |
| you, we, they | are | going to | work |
- I am going to cook dinner.
- She is going to visit her friend.
- We are going to watch a film.
Biežākie saīsinājumi ir:
- I am → I’m
- he is → he’s
- she is → she’s
- it is → it’s
- you are → you’re
- we are → we’re
- they are → they’re
Noliedzoši teikumi
Lieto:
subject + am/is/are + not + going to + base verb
- I am not going to stay long.
- He is not going to drive.
- They are not going to come.
Biežākie nolieguma saīsinājumi ir:
- is not → isn’t
- are not → aren’t
Am not nav standarta saīsinājuma.
Jautājumi
Lieto:
am/is/are + subject + going to + base verb?
- Are you going to study tonight?
- Is she going to join us?
- Are they going to travel this year?
Īsās atbildēs lieto darbības vārdu be.
- Yes, I am.
- No, she isn’t.
- Yes, they are.
Jautājuma vārdi
Lieto:
question word + am/is/are + subject + going to + base verb?
- What are you going to cook?
- Where is he going to stay?
- When are they going to leave?
Darbības vārds “go”
Darbības vārds pēc going to var būt arī go.
- We are going to go shopping.
- She is going to go home.
Neformālā angļu valodā runātāji bieži izvairās atkārtot going to go, ja galamērķis ir skaidrs.
- We are going shopping.
- She is going home.
Piemēri
- I am going to clean the kitchen tonight.
- She is going to learn Spanish.
- We are going to visit our family this weekend.
- He is not going to sell his car.
- They are not going to stay at the hotel.
- Are you going to cook dinner?
- What are you going to wear?
- Look at the sky. It is going to snow.
- Be careful! You are going to drop that box.
- The team is going to win because it is playing very well.
Izņēmumi
Going to parasti apraksta nākotnes laiku, bet darbības vārdam be joprojām jāsaskan ar subjektu.
- I am going to work.
- She is going to work.
- They are going to work.
Dažus darbības vārdus parasti nelieto nepārtrauktajā formā, bet tie joprojām var sekot going to pamatformā.
- I am going to know the answer soon.
- She is going to understand the problem.
Neformālā runā going to bieži izrunā kā gonna, bet gonna parasti izvairās lietot formālā rakstībā.
- Informal speech: I’m gonna call him.
- Standard writing: I’m going to call him.
Biežākās kļūdas
-
Nepareizi: I going to study tonight. Pareizi: I am going to study tonight. Paskaidrojums: Pirms going to lieto pareizo be formu.
-
Nepareizi: She are going to travel. Pareizi: She is going to travel. Paskaidrojums: Ar she lieto is.
-
Nepareizi: They is going to buy a house. Pareizi: They are going to buy a house. Paskaidrojums: Ar they lieto are.
-
Nepareizi: He is going to studies tonight. Pareizi: He is going to study tonight. Paskaidrojums: Pēc going to lieto darbības vārda pamatformu.
-
Nepareizi: Are going to you call her? Pareizi: Are you going to call her? Paskaidrojums: Jautājumos subjektu liek pēc am, is vai are.
-
Nepareizi: She not is going to come. Pareizi: She is not going to come. Paskaidrojums: Not liek pēc darbības vārda be.
-
Nepareizi: Do you going to work tomorrow? Pareizi: Are you going to work tomorrow? Paskaidrojums: Jautājumu veidošanai lieto am, is vai are, nevis do.
-
Nepareizi: I am going to will call him. Pareizi: I am going to call him. Paskaidrojums: Pēc going to nelieto will.