Šta je to?
Can, can’t, could i couldn’t su modalni glagoli.
Koriste se da govorimo o:
- sadašnjoj sposobnosti
- prošloj sposobnosti
- dozvoli
- molbama
- mogućnosti
Can je potvrdni oblik.
- I can swim.
Can’t je kratki oblik od cannot.
- I can’t drive.
Could se često koristi za prošlu sposobnost ili ljubazne molbe.
- She could read when she was four.
- Could you help me?
Couldn’t je kratki oblik od could not.
- We couldn’t find the address.
Kada se koristi
Koristite can za sadašnju sposobnost.
- He can speak English.
- I can cook.
Koristite can’t kada neko nije u stanju nešto da uradi.
- She can’t swim.
- We can’t come today.
Koristite can da tražite ili date dozvolu.
- Can I use your phone?
- You can leave early.
Koristite could za opštu sposobnost u prošlosti.
- I could run fast when I was younger.
- They could speak French as children.
Koristite couldn’t za nedostatak sposobnosti ili neuspešnu situaciju u prošlosti.
- He couldn’t read the sign.
- We couldn’t open the door.
Koristite can ili could za upućivanje molbi.
- Can you close the window?
- Could you close the window?
Could je obično ljubaznije od can u molbama.
Struktura
Koristite osnovni oblik glagola nakon can, can’t, could i couldn’t.
| Oblik | Struktura | Primer |
|---|---|---|
| Potvrdni sadašnji | subjekat + can + osnovni glagol | She can drive. |
| Odrični sadašnji | subjekat + can’t + osnovni glagol | She can’t drive. |
| Potvrdni prošli | subjekat + could + osnovni glagol | She could drive at eighteen. |
| Odrični prošli | subjekat + couldn’t + osnovni glagol | She couldn’t drive last year. |
Oblik je isti za svaki subjekat.
- I can swim.
- He can swim.
- They can swim.
Nemojte dodavati -s nakon he, she ili it.
Pitanja
Koristite:
Can/Could + subjekat + osnovni glagol?
| Vrsta pitanja | Primer |
|---|---|
| Sadašnja sposobnost | Can you swim? |
| Dozvola | Can I sit here? |
| Molba | Can you help me? |
| Ljubazna molba | Could you help me? |
| Prošla sposobnost | Could she read at five? |
Kratki odgovori
- Can you drive? — Yes, I can.
- Can he come? — No, he can’t.
- Could they swim? — Yes, they could.
- Could she open it? — No, she couldn’t.
Primeri
- I can speak a little Spanish.
- She can’t come to work today.
- Can you help me with this box?
- Can I open the window?
- You can use my computer.
- He could swim when he was five.
- We couldn’t find a taxi last night.
- Could you speak more slowly, please?
- They could not hear the announcement.
- My brother can cook very well.
Izuzeci
Koristite could za opštu prošlu sposobnost.
- She could play the piano when she was young.
Za jednu konkretnu uspešnu radnju u prošlosti, was able to je često prirodnije.
- We were able to fix the problem yesterday.
Međutim, couldn’t je prirodno za konkretnu neuspešnu radnju.
- We couldn’t fix the problem yesterday.
Cannot se piše kao jedna reč.
- Tačno: cannot
- Netačno: can not
Oblik can not je moguć samo kada not pripada drugom izrazu, ali je ova upotreba retka.
Česte greške
-
Netačno: She cans swim. Tačno: She can swim. Objašnjenje: Nemojte dodavati -s modalnim glagolima.
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Netačno: I can to drive. Tačno: I can drive. Objašnjenje: Koristite osnovni glagol bez to nakon can.
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Netačno: He could speaks English. Tačno: He could speak English. Objašnjenje: Koristite osnovni oblik nakon could.
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Netačno: Do you can help me? Tačno: Can you help me? Objašnjenje: Nemojte koristiti do u pitanjima sa can.
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Netačno: I don’t can swim. Tačno: I can’t swim. Objašnjenje: Koristite can’t, a ne don’t can.
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Netačno: She could to read at four. Tačno: She could read at four. Objašnjenje: Nemojte koristiti to nakon could.
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Netačno: Can you helped me? Tačno: Can you help me? Objašnjenje: Koristite osnovni oblik glagola nakon can.
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Netačno: I couldn’t found my keys. Tačno: I couldn’t find my keys. Objašnjenje: Koristite osnovni oblik nakon couldn’t.