Mis see on?
Past Simple'i kasutatakse tegude, sündmuste ja olukordade kirjeldamiseks, mis algasid ja lõppesid minevikus.
Näited:
- I visited my friend yesterday.
- She worked from home last week.
- They went to the cinema.
Tavapärased tegusõnad moodustavad Past Simple'i tavaliselt lõpuga -ed.
- work → worked
- play → played
- clean → cleaned
Ebaregulaarsetel tegusõnadel on erilised minevikuvormid.
- go → went
- see → saw
- buy → bought
- have → had
Millal kasutada
Kasuta Past Simple'i järgmistel juhtudel:
- lõpetatud tegevused minevikus: I finished the report yesterday.
- lõpetatud tegevuste jada: She opened the door, walked inside, and sat down.
- mineviku harjumused: We played outside every day.
- mineviku olukorrad, mis ei ole enam tõesed: He lived in London for five years.
- tegevused kindlal mineviku ajahetkel: They arrived at 8 p.m.
Levinud mineviku aja väljendid on:
- yesterday
- last night
- last week
- two days ago
- in 2020
- when I was a child
Struktuur
Jaatavad laused
Tavapäraste tegusõnade puhul kasuta:
alus + tegusõna-ed
| Alus | Tegusõna | Näide |
|---|---|---|
| I | worked | I worked yesterday. |
| She | played | She played tennis. |
| They | visited | They visited us. |
Ebaregulaarsete tegusõnade puhul kasuta erilist minevikuvormi.
| Põhivorm | Minevikuvorm | Näide |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | We went home. |
| see | saw | I saw Anna. |
| buy | bought | He bought a car. |
| take | took | She took the bus. |
Minevikuvorm on sama kõigi alustega.
- I worked.
- He worked.
- They worked.
Eitavad laused
Kasuta:
alus + did not + tegusõna põhivorm
did not lühivorm on didn’t.
- I did not call him.
- She didn’t go to work.
- They didn’t understand the question.
Pärast didn’t kasuta tegusõna põhivormi.
Küsimused
Kasuta:
Did + alus + tegusõna põhivorm?
- Did you call her?
- Did he finish the task?
- Did they arrive on time?
Lühivastused
- Did you see him? — Yes, I did.
- Did she call? — No, she didn’t.
- Did they leave? — Yes, they did.
Tavapäraste tegusõnade õigekiri
| Reegel | Põhivorm | Minevikuvorm |
|---|---|---|
| Enamik tegusõnu: lisa -ed | work | worked |
| Tegusõnad, mis lõpevad -e: lisa -d | live | lived |
| Kaashäälik + y: muuda y täheks i ja lisa -ed | study | studied |
| Lühike rõhuline täishäälik + kaashäälik: topelda lõppkonsonant | stop | stopped |
Näited
- I watched a film last night.
- She called me yesterday.
- We visited our grandparents on Sunday.
- He bought a new laptop.
- They didn’t come to the meeting.
- I didn’t understand the question.
- Did you finish your homework?
- Did she take the bus?
- We lived in Calgary for three years.
- He opened the window and turned on the light.
Erandid
Tegusõna to be ei kasuta Past Simple küsimustes ja eitustes did-i.
- I was tired.
- They were at home.
- She wasn’t ready.
- Were you busy?
Mõned tegusõnad on ebaregulaarsed ja ei kasuta -ed-i.
- come → came
- write → wrote
- make → made
- find → found
Ebaregulaarsed vormid tuleb selgeks õppida individuaalselt.
Levinud vead
-
Vale: I goed to work yesterday. Õige: I went to work yesterday. Selgitus: Go on ebaregulaarne. Selle minevikuvorm on went.
-
Vale: She didn’t went home. Õige: She didn’t go home. Selgitus: Kasuta pärast didn’t tegusõna põhivormi.
-
Vale: Did you saw him? Õige: Did you see him? Selgitus: Kasuta pärast did tegusõna põhivormi.
-
Vale: He work yesterday. Õige: He worked yesterday. Selgitus: Kasuta lõpetatud minevikutegevuse jaoks Past Simple vormi.
-
Vale: They was late. Õige: They were late. Selgitus: Kasuta they-ga were.
-
Vale: I didn’t called her. Õige: I didn’t call her. Selgitus: Ära kasuta pärast didn’t minevikuvormi.
-
Vale: Did she finished the task? Õige: Did she finish the task? Selgitus: Kasuta pärast did põhivormi.
-
Vale: We studyed English yesterday. Õige: We studied English yesterday. Selgitus: Muuda kaashäälik + y täheks i enne -ed lisamist.