Mis see on?
Verbi to be kasutatakse inimeste, asjade, kohtade, tunnete, vanuse, ametite ja olukordade kirjeldamiseks.
Oleviku vormid on:
- am
- is
- are
Kasuta am koos sõnaga I.
- I am tired.
Kasuta is koos sõnadega he, she ja it.
- He is at home.
- She is a teacher.
- It is cold.
Kasuta are koos sõnadega you, we ja they.
- You are ready.
- We are friends.
- They are busy.
Millal kasutada
Kasuta to be, et rääkida:
- identiteedist: I am Daniel.
- ametitest: She is a nurse.
- vanusest: He is twenty years old.
- tunnetest: We are happy.
- kirjeldustest: The room is small.
- asukohtadest: They are at work.
- rahvusest: She is Canadian.
- ilmast ja kellaajast: It is cold. It is six o’clock.
Kasuta eitusvorme, et öelda, et miski ei vasta tõele.
- I am not tired.
- He is not at home.
- They are not ready.
Kasuta küsimusi, et küsida identiteedi, seisundi, asukoha, vanuse või kirjelduse kohta.
- Are you tired?
- Is she at work?
- Are they students?
Struktuur
Jaatavad laused
Kasuta:
subject + am/is/are + complement
| Subject | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | I am ready. |
| he / she / it | is | She is busy. |
| you / we / they | are | They are outside. |
Levinud lühendid on:
| Täisvorm | Lühend |
|---|---|
| I am | I’m |
| he is | he’s |
| she is | she’s |
| it is | it’s |
| you are | you’re |
| we are | we’re |
| they are | they’re |
Eitavad laused
Kasuta:
subject + am/is/are + not + complement
| Subject | Täisvorm | Lühend |
|---|---|---|
| I | am not | I’m not |
| he / she / it | is not | isn’t |
| you / we / they | are not | aren’t |
Näited:
- I’m not hungry.
- She isn’t at home.
- We aren’t late.
Vormid he’s not, she’s not, you’re not ja they’re not on samuti õiged.
Küsimused
Pane am, is või are enne subjekti.
am/is/are + subject + complement?
| Väide | Küsimus |
|---|---|
| You are tired. | Are you tired? |
| She is at work. | Is she at work? |
| They are ready. | Are they ready? |
| I am late. | Am I late? |
Lühivastused
Kasuta lühivastustes am, is või are.
- Are you ready? — Yes, I am.
- Is he at home? — No, he isn’t.
- Are they busy? — Yes, they are.
- Is she a doctor? — No, she isn’t.
Tavaliselt ei kasutata lühivastustes jaatavaid lühendeid.
- Õige: Yes, I am.
- Vale: Yes, I’m.
Näited
- I am a software developer.
- She is very tired today.
- They are at the bus stop.
- I’m not hungry.
- He isn’t at work.
- We aren’t ready yet.
- Are you from Canada?
- Is your brother at home?
- Are the children tired?
- Why is the door open?
Erandid
Kasuta am I not? formaalsetes küsimustes.
- Am I not invited?
Igapäevases inglise keeles on aren’t I? tavaline eitavates küsimustes ja küsimislisandites.
- Aren’t I invited?
- I’m late, aren’t I?
Ära kasuta do, does ega did koos verbiga to be.
- Õige: Is she tired?
- Vale: Does she be tired?
Verb to be ei vaja lihtsates kirjeldustes eraldi põhiverbi.
- She is happy.
- They are at home.
Levinud vead
-
Vale: I is tired. Õige: I am tired. Selgitus: Kasuta am koos sõnaga I.
-
Vale: They is at home. Õige: They are at home. Selgitus: Kasuta are koos sõnaga they.
-
Vale: She not is ready. Õige: She is not ready. Selgitus: Pane not pärast is.
-
Vale: I don’t am hungry. Õige: I am not hungry. Selgitus: Ära kasuta do koos verbiga to be.
-
Vale: Does he be at work? Õige: Is he at work? Selgitus: Pane is enne subjekti, et moodustada küsimus.
-
Vale: Are she tired? Õige: Is she tired? Selgitus: Kasuta is koos sõnaga she.
-
Vale: Is they ready? Õige: Are they ready? Selgitus: Kasuta are koos sõnaga they.
-
Vale: Yes, I’m. Õige: Yes, I am. Selgitus: Tavaliselt ei kasutata lühivastuses jaatavat lühendit.