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Grammatikajuhend

Avaliku grammatikajuhendi marsruutimine on lokaliseeritud sisu jaoks valmis.

A1 Beginner English grammatika

Present Continuous

Mis see on?

Present Continuous'it kasutatakse tegude kohta, mis toimuvad praegu või praeguse aja ümber.

See moodustatakse oleviku vormiga to be ja verbist, mis lõpeb -ing-ga.

Näited:

  • I am working.
  • She is reading.
  • They are playing outside.

Lühivormid on igapäevases inglise keeles tavalised.

  • I am → I’m
  • he is → he’s
  • she is → she’s
  • it is → it’s
  • we are → we’re
  • you are → you’re
  • they are → they’re

Millal kasutada

Kasuta Present Continuous'i:

  • praegu toimuvate tegude jaoks: She is talking on the phone.
  • praeguse aja ümber toimuvate tegude jaoks: I am reading a new book this week.
  • ajutiste olukordade jaoks: He is staying with friends.
  • muutuvate olukordade jaoks: The weather is getting colder.
  • planeeritud tulevikukokkulepete jaoks: We are meeting them tomorrow.
  • korduvate tegude jaoks, mis on tüütud, sageli koos sõnaga always: He is always losing his keys.

Struktuur

Jaatavad laused

Kasuta:

subject + am/is/are + verb-ing

Subject Form of to be Verb Example
I am working I am working.
He / She / It is working She is working.
You / We / They are working They are working.

Eitavad laused

Kasuta:

subject + am/is/are + not + verb-ing

Subject Täisvorm Lühivorm
I am not working I’m not working
He / She / It is not working isn’t working
You / We / They are not working aren’t working

Näited:

  • I’m not sleeping.
  • He isn’t listening.
  • We aren’t waiting.

Küsimused

Kasuta:

Am/Is/Are + subject + verb-ing?

  • Am I speaking too quickly?
  • Is she working today?
  • Are they coming with us?

Lühivastused

  • Are you studying? — Yes, I am.
  • Is he sleeping? — No, he isn’t.
  • Are they waiting? — Yes, they are.

-ing-vormide õigekiri

Reegel Põhiverb -ing-vorm
Enamik verbid: lisa -ing work working
Verbid, mis lõpevad vaikiva -e-ga: eemalda -e make making
Lühike vokaal + konsonant: topelda lõppkonsonant run running
Verbid, mis lõpevad -ie-ga: muuda -ie -y-ks lie lying

Näited

  1. I am writing an email.
  2. She is cooking dinner.
  3. They are playing in the garden.
  4. We aren’t watching television.
  5. He isn’t working today.
  6. Are you waiting for the bus?
  7. Is your brother sleeping?
  8. The weather is getting warmer.
  9. I am staying with my parents this week.
  10. We are meeting Sarah tomorrow evening.

Erandid

Mõnda verbi ei kasutata tavaliselt continuous-vormides, sest need kirjeldavad seisundeid, mõtteid, tundeid, omamist või meeli.

Levinud näited:

  • know
  • believe
  • understand
  • want
  • need
  • like
  • love
  • hate
  • own
  • belong

Kasuta nende tähenduste puhul Present Simple'it.

  • Õige: I know the answer.
  • Vale: I am knowing the answer.
  • Õige: She wants some water.
  • Vale: She is wanting some water.

Mõnda verbi saab kasutada mõlemas vormis, kui nende tähendus muutub.

  • I think he is right. — See on minu arvamus.
  • I am thinking about the problem. — See on praegu toimuv vaimne tegevus.

Levinud vead

  1. Vale: She working now. Õige: She is working now. Selgitus: Kasuta am, is või are enne -ing-verbi.

  2. Vale: I am work today. Õige: I am working today. Selgitus: Kasuta -ing-vormi pärast am.

  3. Vale: They is playing outside. Õige: They are playing outside. Selgitus: Kasuta are koos sõnaga they.

  4. Vale: He is play football. Õige: He is playing football. Selgitus: Lisa põhiverbile -ing.

  5. Vale: Are she studying? Õige: Is she studying? Selgitus: Kasuta is koos sõnaga she.

  6. Vale: I don’t working now. Õige: I’m not working now. Selgitus: Kasuta Present Continuous'i eituses am not, mitte don’t.

  7. Vale: Does he sleeping? Õige: Is he sleeping? Selgitus: Ära kasuta Present Continuous'i küsimustes does.

  8. Vale: She is makeing dinner. Õige: She is making dinner. Selgitus: Enne -ing-i lisamist eemalda vaikiv -e.