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Grammatikajuhend

Avaliku grammatikajuhendi marsruutimine on lokaliseeritud sisu jaoks valmis.

A1 Beginner English grammatika

There Is ja There Are

Mis see on?

There is ja there are kasutatakse selleks, et öelda, et miski eksisteerib või on olemas.

Kasuta there is koos:

  • ühe inimese või asjaga
  • loendamatute nimisõnadega

Kasuta there are koos:

  • kahe või enama inimese või asjaga

Näited:

  • There is a book on the table.
  • There is some milk in the fridge.
  • There are three chairs in the room.

There is lühivorm on there’s.

  • There’s a café near my house.

Millal kasutada

Kasuta there is ja there are, et:

  • tutvustada uut infot
  • kirjeldada kohti
  • öelda, mis on saadaval
  • öelda, kui palju inimesi või asju on kohal
  • rääkida sündmustest või probleemidest

Näited:

  • There is a bank next to the station.
  • There are two bathrooms in the apartment.
  • There is some food in the kitchen.
  • There are many people outside.
  • There is a problem with the computer.

Struktuur

Jaatavad laused

Kasuta:

there is + ainsuslik nimisõna

  • There is a shop nearby.
  • There is one window in the room.

Kasuta:

there is + loendamatu nimisõna

  • There is some water in the bottle.
  • There is a lot of traffic today.

Kasuta:

there are + mitmuslik nimisõna

  • There are two shops nearby.
  • There are several windows in the room.
Nimisõna tüüp Struktuur Näide
ainsuslik loendatav nimisõna there is + a/an + nimisõna There is a chair here.
loendamatu nimisõna there is + nimisõna There is some rice left.
mitmuslik nimisõna there are + nimisõna There are four chairs here.

Eitavad laused

Kasuta:

there is not + ainsuslik või loendamatu nimisõna

  • There is not a pharmacy nearby.
  • There is not much time.

Lühivorm on there isn’t.

Kasuta:

there are not + mitmuslik nimisõna

  • There are not enough chairs.
  • There are not any shops nearby.

Lühivorm on there aren’t.

Küsimused

Kasuta:

Is there + ainsuslik või loendamatu nimisõna?

  • Is there a bathroom here?
  • Is there any coffee left?

Kasuta:

Are there + mitmuslik nimisõna?

  • Are there any questions?
  • Are there two bedrooms?

Lühivastused

  • Is there a bank nearby? — Yes, there is.
  • Is there any milk? — No, there isn’t.
  • Are there any tickets left? — Yes, there are.
  • Are there many people? — No, there aren’t.

Some ja any kasutamine

Kasuta some peamiselt jaatavates lausetes.

  • There is some bread.
  • There are some apples.

Kasuta any peamiselt eitavates lausetes ja küsimustes.

  • There isn’t any bread.
  • Are there any apples?

Näited

  1. There is a supermarket near my house.
  2. There are two cats in the garden.
  3. There is some coffee in the kitchen.
  4. There isn’t a bus stop on this street.
  5. There aren’t any clean cups.
  6. Is there a hotel near the airport?
  7. Are there any messages for me?
  8. There is a lot of traffic this morning.
  9. There are several books on the desk.
  10. There’s a meeting at three o’clock.

Erandid

Mitteametlikus kõnes kasutatakse there’s mõnikord enne mitmuslikku nimisõna.

  • There’s two people outside.

See on vestluses tavaline, kuid there are on standardvorm.

  • There are two people outside.

Fraas there is ei tähenda sama, mis it is.

  • There is a café near the station. — A café exists there.
  • It is near the station. — A known person or thing is near the station.

Kasuta mineviku jaoks there was ja there were.

  • There was a problem yesterday.
  • There were many people at the event.

Levinud vead

  1. Vale: There are a book on the table. Õige: There is a book on the table. Selgitus: Kasuta there is koos ainsusliku nimisõnaga.

  2. Vale: There is two chairs in the room. Õige: There are two chairs in the room. Selgitus: Kasuta there are koos mitmuslike nimisõnadega.

  3. Vale: There are some milk in the fridge. Õige: There is some milk in the fridge. Selgitus: Kasuta there is koos loendamatute nimisõnadega.

  4. Vale: Is there any shops nearby? Õige: Are there any shops nearby? Selgitus: Kasuta are there koos mitmuslike nimisõnadega.

  5. Vale: There isn’t no food. Õige: There isn’t any food. Selgitus: Väldi topelteitust. Kasuta any pärast isn’t.

  6. Vale: Are there a bathroom here? Õige: Is there a bathroom here? Selgitus: Kasuta is there koos ainsusliku nimisõnaga.

  7. Vale: It is a problem with the door. Õige: There is a problem with the door. Selgitus: Kasuta there is, et tutvustada midagi, mis eksisteerib.

  8. Vale: There have many people outside. Õige: There are many people outside. Selgitus: Kasuta there are, mitte there have, et rääkida inimestest või asjadest, mis on kohal.