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Hướng dẫn ngữ pháp

Định tuyến hướng dẫn ngữ pháp công khai đã sẵn sàng cho nội dung bản địa hóa.

A1 Beginner Ngữ pháp English

Quá khứ đơn của “To Be”

Nó là gì?

Dạng quá khứ đơn của to be là was và were.

Dùng was với:

  • I
  • he
  • she
  • it

Dùng were với:

  • you
  • we
  • they

Ví dụ:

  • I was tired.
  • She was at home.
  • We were busy.
  • They were happy.

Dạng phủ định là was not và were not.

Các dạng rút gọn thông thường là:

  • was not → wasn’t
  • were not → weren’t

Khi nào dùng

Dùng thì quá khứ đơn của to be để nói về:

  • trạng thái trong quá khứ: I was tired.
  • cảm xúc trong quá khứ: She was nervous.
  • vị trí trong quá khứ: They were at school.
  • tuổi trong quá khứ: He was ten years old.
  • mô tả trong quá khứ: The room was small.
  • tình huống trong quá khứ: We were very busy.
  • ngày và giờ trong quá khứ: It was Monday.

Cấu trúc

Câu khẳng định

Chủ ngữ Dạng Ví dụ
I was I was at work.
He / She / It was She was happy.
You / We / They were They were at home.

Cấu trúc:

chủ ngữ + was/were + bổ ngữ

  • He was tired.
  • We were late.

Câu phủ định

Chủ ngữ Dạng đầy đủ Dạng rút gọn
I / He / She / It was not wasn’t
You / We / They were not weren’t

Cấu trúc:

chủ ngữ + was not/were not + bổ ngữ

  • I wasn’t hungry.
  • They weren’t ready.

Câu hỏi

Cấu trúc:

Was/Were + chủ ngữ + bổ ngữ?

  • Was she at home?
  • Were they tired?
  • Were you busy?

Câu trả lời ngắn

  • Was he late? — Yes, he was.
  • Was she tired? — No, she wasn’t.
  • Were they at school? — Yes, they were.
  • Were you busy? — No, I wasn’t.

Ví dụ

  1. I was very tired yesterday.
  2. She was at the office this morning.
  3. He wasn’t ready for the meeting.
  4. It was cold last night.
  5. We were happy with the result.
  6. You were very quiet yesterday.
  7. They weren’t at home.
  8. Was your brother at school?
  9. Were the shops open?
  10. Where were you last weekend?

Ngoại lệ

Dùng were thay cho was trong một số diễn đạt trang trọng hoặc không có thực với I, he, she, hoặc it.

  • If I were you, I would wait.
  • I wish she were here.

Trong tiếng Anh thông tục, was đôi khi được dùng trong những diễn đạt này, nhưng were là dạng chuẩn.

Những lỗi thường gặp

  1. Sai: I were tired yesterday. Đúng: I was tired yesterday. Giải thích: Dùng was với I.

  2. Sai: They was at home. Đúng: They were at home. Giải thích: Dùng were với they.

  3. Sai: She didn’t be happy. Đúng: She wasn’t happy. Giải thích: Không dùng didn’t với thì quá khứ đơn của to be.

  4. Sai: Did he was at work? Đúng: Was he at work? Giải thích: Không dùng did trong câu hỏi với was hoặc were.

  5. Sai: We wasn’t ready. Đúng: We weren’t ready. Giải thích: Dùng weren’t với we.

  6. Sai: Were she at school? Đúng: Was she at school? Giải thích: Dùng was với she.

  7. Sai: I was not at home? Đúng: Was I not at home? Giải thích: Đặt was trước chủ ngữ để tạo câu hỏi.

  8. Sai: They were not tired? Đúng: Weren’t they tired? Giải thích: Trong câu hỏi, đặt were hoặc weren’t trước chủ ngữ.