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Grammar Guide

Rules, patterns and examples grouped by level — from A1 basics to advanced structures.

A1 Beginner English Grammar

There Is y There Are

¿Qué es?

There is y there are se usan para decir que algo existe o está presente.

Usa there is con:

  • una persona o cosa
  • sustantivos incontables

Usa there are con:

  • dos o más personas o cosas

Ejemplos:

  • There is a book on the table.
  • There is some milk in the fridge.
  • There are three chairs in the room.

La forma corta de there is es there’s.

  • There’s a café near my house.

Cuándo usar

Usa there is y there are para:

  • introducir información nueva
  • describir lugares
  • decir qué hay disponible
  • decir cuántas personas o cosas están presentes
  • hablar de eventos o problemas

Ejemplos:

  • There is a bank next to the station.
  • There are two bathrooms in the apartment.
  • There is some food in the kitchen.
  • There are many people outside.
  • There is a problem with the computer.

Estructura

Oraciones afirmativas

Usa:

there is + sustantivo singular

  • There is a shop nearby.
  • There is one window in the room.

Usa:

there is + sustantivo incontable

  • There is some water in the bottle.
  • There is a lot of traffic today.

Usa:

there are + sustantivo plural

  • There are two shops nearby.
  • There are several windows in the room.
Tipo de sustantivo Estructura Ejemplo
sustantivo contable singular there is + a/an + sustantivo There is a chair here.
sustantivo incontable there is + sustantivo There is some rice left.
sustantivo plural there are + sustantivo There are four chairs here.

Oraciones negativas

Usa:

there is not + sustantivo singular o incontable

  • There is not a pharmacy nearby.
  • There is not much time.

La forma corta es there isn’t.

Usa:

there are not + sustantivo plural

  • There are not enough chairs.
  • There are not any shops nearby.

La forma corta es there aren’t.

Preguntas

Usa:

Is there + sustantivo singular o incontable?

  • Is there a bathroom here?
  • Is there any coffee left?

Usa:

Are there + sustantivo plural?

  • Are there any questions?
  • Are there two bedrooms?

Respuestas cortas

  • Is there a bank nearby? — Yes, there is.
  • Is there any milk? — No, there isn’t.
  • Are there any tickets left? — Yes, there are.
  • Are there many people? — No, there aren’t.

Uso de some y any

Usa some principalmente en oraciones afirmativas.

  • There is some bread.
  • There are some apples.

Usa any principalmente en oraciones negativas y preguntas.

  • There isn’t any bread.
  • Are there any apples?

Ejemplos

  1. There is a supermarket near my house.
  2. There are two cats in the garden.
  3. There is some coffee in the kitchen.
  4. There isn’t a bus stop on this street.
  5. There aren’t any clean cups.
  6. Is there a hotel near the airport?
  7. Are there any messages for me?
  8. There is a lot of traffic this morning.
  9. There are several books on the desk.
  10. There’s a meeting at three o’clock.

Excepciones

En el habla informal, there’s a veces se usa antes de un sustantivo plural.

  • There’s two people outside.

Esto es común en la conversación, pero there are es la forma estándar.

  • There are two people outside.

La frase there is no significa lo mismo que it is.

  • There is a café near the station. — Un café existe allí.
  • It is near the station. — Una persona o cosa conocida está cerca de la estación.

Usa there was y there were para el pasado.

  • There was a problem yesterday.
  • There were many people at the event.

Errores comunes

  1. Incorrecto: There are a book on the table. Correcto: There is a book on the table. Explicación: Usa there is con un sustantivo singular.

  2. Incorrecto: There is two chairs in the room. Correcto: There are two chairs in the room. Explicación: Usa there are con sustantivos plurales.

  3. Incorrecto: There are some milk in the fridge. Correcto: There is some milk in the fridge. Explicación: Usa there is con sustantivos incontables.

  4. Incorrecto: Is there any shops nearby? Correcto: Are there any shops nearby? Explicación: Usa are there con sustantivos plurales.

  5. Incorrecto: There isn’t no food. Correcto: There isn’t any food. Explicación: Evita la doble negación. Usa any después de isn’t.

  6. Incorrecto: Are there a bathroom here? Correcto: Is there a bathroom here? Explicación: Usa is there con un sustantivo singular.

  7. Incorrecto: It is a problem with the door. Correcto: There is a problem with the door. Explicación: Usa there is para introducir algo que existe.

  8. Incorrecto: There have many people outside. Correcto: There are many people outside. Explicación: Usa there are, no there have, para hablar de personas o cosas que están presentes.