Gabay sa Grammar

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Ang mga paghahambing sa Ingles ay madalas gumamit ng than at the.

Ang than ay ginagamit pagkatapos ng comparative adjective o adverb kapag dalawang tao, bagay, lugar, o sitwasyon ang pinaghahambing.

• Tom is taller than Ben.
• This car is faster than mine.

Ang definite article na the ay karaniwang ginagamit bago ang superlative adjective kapag ang isang tao o bagay ay inihahambing sa isang buong grupo.

• Anna is the tallest student in the class.
• This is the cheapest option.

Ang salitang the ay ginagamit din sa istrukturang the + comparative, the + comparative upang ipakita na ang dalawang pagbabago ay magkaugnay.

• The more you practise, the easier it becomes.
• The earlier we leave, the better.

Kailan gagamitin

Gamitin ang than pagkatapos ng comparative form kapag direktang naghahambing ng dalawang bagay.

• My house is bigger than yours.
• Today is warmer than yesterday.

Gamitin ang the + superlative kapag tinutukoy ang tao o bagay na may pinakamataas o pinakamababang antas ng isang katangian sa isang grupo.

• She is the youngest person in the family.
• It is the most expensive restaurant here.

Gamitin ang the + comparative, the + comparative kapag ang isang pagbabago ay nakakaapekto sa isa pang pagbabago.

• The faster you drive, the more fuel you use.
• The longer I wait, the more tired I become.

Karaniwan din ang maiikling ekspresyon na may ganitong istruktura.

• The sooner, the better.
• The more, the merrier.

Istruktura

Para sa direktang paghahambing:

Subject + be/verb + comparative + than + person/thing

• Jack is older than Sam.
• This train moves faster than that one.

Sa more o less:

Subject + be/verb + more/less + adjective + than + person/thing

• This hotel is more comfortable than the other one.
• The second task is less difficult than the first.

Para sa superlative:

Subject + be + the + superlative + noun/complement

• Maya is the tallest student in the class.
• This is the most useful tool.

Upang ipakita ang dalawang magkaugnay na pagbabago:

The + comparative + clause, the + comparative + clause

• The older I get, the more patient I become.
• The less you spend, the more you save.

Sa espesyal na istrukturang ito, ang the ay bahagi ng comparative pattern. Hindi nito tinutukoy ang isang partikular na noun sa karaniwang paraan na ginagawa ng definite article.

Mga Halimbawa

1. My sister is younger than me.
2. This phone is cheaper than that one.
3. Her new job is more interesting than her old job.
4. Today is less stressful than yesterday.
5. Leo is the tallest boy in his family.
6. This is the most comfortable chair in the room.
7. The earlier we start, the earlier we finish.
8. The more you read, the more words you learn.
9. The colder it gets, the more clothes I wear.
10. The sooner we leave, the better.

Mga Eksepsyon

Pagkatapos ng than, maaaring gumamit ang Ingles ng iba't ibang anyo ng pronoun depende sa estilo at istruktura ng pangungusap.

• She is taller than me.
• She is taller than I am.

Pareho silang karaniwan at tama. Ang pangalawang anyo ay karaniwang mas pormal.

Ang definite article ay hindi karaniwang ginagamit bago ang ordinaryong comparative adjective sa simpleng paghahambing.

• Correct: John is taller than Mike.
• Incorrect: John is the taller than Mike.

Gayunpaman, ang the ay maaaring lumitaw kasama ng comparative kapag pumipili sa pagitan ng eksaktong dalawang tao o bagay.

• John is the taller of the two brothers.

Ang istrukturang the + comparative, the + comparative ay isang espesyal na fixed comparison pattern.

Mga Karaniwang Pagkakamali

1. Incorrect: My car is faster that yours. Correct: My car is faster than yours. Explanation: Gamitin ang than pagkatapos ng comparative kapag naghahambing ng dalawang bagay.

2. Incorrect: Lisa is taller from Anna. Correct: Lisa is taller than Anna. Explanation: Ang Ingles ay karaniwang gumagamit ng than, hindi from, pagkatapos ng comparative.

3. Incorrect: This book is more interesting that the other one. Correct: This book is more interesting than the other one. Explanation: Gamitin ang than upang ipakilala ang ikalawang bahagi ng paghahambing.

4. Incorrect: He is tallest student in the class. Correct: He is the tallest student in the class. Explanation: Ang mga superlative adjective ay karaniwang gumagamit ng definite article na the.

5. Incorrect: This is most expensive hotel here. Correct: This is the most expensive hotel here. Explanation: Gamitin ang the bago ang most + adjective sa isang superlative.

6. Incorrect: More you practise, easier it becomes. Correct: The more you practise, the easier it becomes. Explanation: Gamitin ang the bago ang dalawang comparative form sa istrukturang ito.

7. Incorrect: The faster you work, you finish sooner. Correct: The faster you work, the sooner you finish. Explanation: Sa istrukturang may magkaugnay na pagbabago, ang dalawang bahagi ay karaniwang gumagamit ng the + comparative."}