Ano ito?
Ang pandiwang to be ay ginagamit upang ilarawan ang mga tao, bagay, lugar, damdamin, edad, trabaho, at mga sitwasyon.
Ang mga anyo sa kasalukuyan ay:
- am
- is
- are
Gamitin ang am sa I.
- I am tired.
Gamitin ang is sa he, she, at it.
- He is at home.
- She is a teacher.
- It is cold.
Gamitin ang are sa you, we, at they.
- You are ready.
- We are friends.
- They are busy.
Kailan gagamitin
Gamitin ang to be upang pag-usapan ang:
- pagkakakilanlan: I am Daniel.
- mga trabaho: She is a nurse.
- edad: He is twenty years old.
- mga damdamin: We are happy.
- mga paglalarawan: The room is small.
- mga lokasyon: They are at work.
- nasyonalidad: She is Canadian.
- panahon at oras: It is cold. It is six o’clock.
Gamitin ang mga negatibong anyo upang sabihin na ang isang bagay ay hindi totoo.
- I am not tired.
- He is not at home.
- They are not ready.
Gamitin ang mga tanong upang magtanong tungkol sa pagkakakilanlan, kondisyon, lokasyon, edad, o paglalarawan.
- Are you tired?
- Is she at work?
- Are they students?
Estruktura
Mga positibong pangungusap
Gamitin:
subject + am/is/are + complement
| Subject | Form | Halimbawa |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | I am ready. |
| he / she / it | is | She is busy. |
| you / we / they | are | They are outside. |
Ang mga karaniwang contraction ay:
| Buong anyo | Maikling anyo |
|---|---|
| I am | I’m |
| he is | he’s |
| she is | she’s |
| it is | it’s |
| you are | you’re |
| we are | we’re |
| they are | they’re |
Mga negatibong pangungusap
Gamitin:
subject + am/is/are + not + complement
| Subject | Buong anyo | Maikling anyo |
|---|---|---|
| I | am not | I’m not |
| he / she / it | is not | isn’t |
| you / we / they | are not | aren’t |
Mga halimbawa:
- I’m not hungry.
- She isn’t at home.
- We aren’t late.
Ang mga anyong he’s not, she’s not, you’re not, at they’re not ay tama rin.
Mga tanong
Ilagay ang am, is, o are bago ang subject.
am/is/are + subject + complement?
| Pahayag | Tanong |
|---|---|
| You are tired. | Are you tired? |
| She is at work. | Is she at work? |
| They are ready. | Are they ready? |
| I am late. | Am I late? |
Mga maikling sagot
Gamitin ang am, is, o are sa mga maikling sagot.
- Are you ready? — Yes, I am.
- Is he at home? — No, he isn’t.
- Are they busy? — Yes, they are.
- Is she a doctor? — No, she isn’t.
Huwag karaniwang gumamit ng positibong contraction sa mga maikling sagot.
- Tama: Yes, I am.
- Mali: Yes, I’m.
Mga halimbawa
- I am a software developer.
- She is very tired today.
- They are at the bus stop.
- I’m not hungry.
- He isn’t at work.
- We aren’t ready yet.
- Are you from Canada?
- Is your brother at home?
- Are the children tired?
- Why is the door open?
Mga eksepsiyon
Gamitin ang am I not? sa mga pormal na tanong.
- Am I not invited?
Sa pang-araw-araw na Ingles, ang aren’t I? ay karaniwan sa mga negatibong tanong at question tags.
- Aren’t I invited?
- I’m late, aren’t I?
Huwag gamitin ang do, does, o did sa to be.
- Tama: Is she tired?
- Mali: Does she be tired?
Ang pandiwang to be ay hindi gumagamit ng hiwalay na pangunahing pandiwa sa mga simpleng paglalarawan.
- She is happy.
- They are at home.
Mga karaniwang pagkakamali
-
Mali: I is tired. Tama: I am tired. Paliwanag: Gamitin ang am sa I.
-
Mali: They is at home. Tama: They are at home. Paliwanag: Gamitin ang are sa they.
-
Mali: She not is ready. Tama: She is not ready. Paliwanag: Ilagay ang not pagkatapos ng is.
-
Mali: I don’t am hungry. Tama: I am not hungry. Paliwanag: Huwag gamitin ang do sa to be.
-
Mali: Does he be at work? Tama: Is he at work? Paliwanag: Ilagay ang is bago ang subject upang bumuo ng tanong.
-
Mali: Are she tired? Tama: Is she tired? Paliwanag: Gamitin ang is sa she.
-
Mali: Is they ready? Tama: Are they ready? Paliwanag: Gamitin ang are sa they.
-
Mali: Yes, I’m. Tama: Yes, I am. Paliwanag: Huwag karaniwang gumamit ng positibong contraction sa isang maikling sagot.