Gabay sa Grammar

Ano ito?

Ang Present Simple ay ginagamit upang pag-usapan ang mga gawi, mga nakagawian, mga katotohanan, mga permanenteng sitwasyon, at mga bagay na regular na nangyayari.

Mga halimbawa:

• I work from home.
• She drinks coffee every morning.
• The sun rises in the east.

Sa he, she, at it, ang pandiwa ay karaniwang nagtatapos sa -s o -es.

• I work.
• He works.
• They watch television.
• She watches television.

Kailan gagamitin

Gamitin ang Present Simple para sa:

• mga gawi at nakagawian: I walk to work every day.
• mga paulit-ulit na kilos: She calls her mother every Sunday.
• mga pangkalahatang katotohanan: Water boils at 100°C.
• mga permanenteng sitwasyon: They live in Canada.
• mga opinyon at damdamin: I like this song.
• mga iskedyul at talaorasan: The train leaves at six.
• mga tagubilin at direksyon: Turn left, and the bank is on your right.

Kasama sa mga karaniwang ekspresyon ng oras ang:

• always
• usually
• often
• sometimes
• rarely
• never
• every day
• once a week
• on Mondays

Kayarian

Mga positibong pangungusap

Gamitin ang base form ng pandiwa sa I, you, we, at they.

Gamitin ang pandiwa na may -s o -es sa he, she, at it.

Pagbaybay sa he, she, at it

Mga negatibong pangungusap

Gamitin:

subject + do not/does not + base verb

Ang mga pinaikling anyo ay:

• do not → don’t
• does not → doesn’t

Pagkatapos ng doesn’t, gamitin ang base form ng pandiwa.

Mga tanong

Gamitin:

Do/Does + subject + base verb?

• Do you work here?
• Does she speak French?
• Do they live nearby?

Mga maikling sagot

• Do you drive? — Yes, I do.
• Do they work here? — No, they don’t.
• Does he cook? — Yes, he does.
• Does she live in Calgary? — No, she doesn’t.

Mga pang-abay ng dalas

Ang mga pang-abay tulad ng always, usually, often, sometimes, at never ay karaniwang nauuna sa pangunahing pandiwa.

• I usually get up at seven.
• She often walks to work.
• They never eat meat.

Sa pandiwang to be, ang pang-abay ay karaniwang pagkatapos ng pandiwa.

• He is always busy.
• We are usually at home.

Mga halimbawa

1. I drink coffee every morning.
2. She works in a hospital.
3. They play football on Saturdays.
4. He doesn’t eat meat.
5. We don’t watch much television.
6. Do you speak English?
7. Does your brother live nearby?
8. The shop opens at nine.
9. Water freezes at 0°C.
10. My parents usually visit us in summer.

Mga eksepsiyon

Ang pandiwang to be ay gumagamit ng am, is, at are at hindi gumagamit ng do o does sa mga negatibo at tanong.

• I am tired.
• She isn’t at home.
• Are they ready?

Ang pandiwang have ay karaniwang regular sa American English.

• Do you have a car?
• She doesn’t have a car.

Sa British English, ang have got ay karaniwan din.

• Have you got a car?
• She hasn’t got a car.

Ang ilang mga pandiwa ay naglalarawan ng mga estado at karaniwang ginagamit sa Present Simple sa halip na Present Continuous.

• know
• believe
• want
• need
• like
• love
• understand

Mga karaniwang pagkakamali

1. Mali: He work every day. Tama: He works every day. Paliwanag: Idagdag ang -s sa pandiwa sa he, she, at it.

2. Mali: She don’t like coffee. Tama: She doesn’t like coffee. Paliwanag: Gamitin ang doesn’t sa she.

3. Mali: Does he works here? Tama: Does he work here? Paliwanag: Gamitin ang base verb pagkatapos ng does.

4. Mali: I am go to work every day. Tama: I go to work every day. Paliwanag: Huwag gamitin ang am bago ang isang normal na Present Simple verb.

5. Mali: They doesn’t live here. Tama: They don’t live here. Paliwanag: Gamitin ang don’t sa they.

6. Mali: She studys English. Tama: She studies English. Paliwanag: Palitan ang katinig + y ng i bago idagdag ang -es.

7. Mali: Do she speak French? Tama: Does she speak French? Paliwanag: Gamitin ang does sa she.

8. Mali: He doesn’t goes to school. Tama: He doesn’t go to school. Paliwanag: Gamitin ang base form pagkatapos ng doesn’t.