Ano ito?
Ang how much at how many ay ginagamit upang magtanong tungkol sa dami.
Gamitin ang how much sa mga hindi mabilang na pangngalan. Ang mga hindi mabilang na pangngalan ay tumutukoy sa mga bagay na karaniwang hindi binibilang bilang magkakahiwalay na mga bagay.
- How much water do you drink?
- How much time do we have?
Gamitin ang how many sa mga mabilang na pangngalan sa maramihan. Ang mga mabilang na pangngalan ay mabibilang bilang magkakahiwalay na mga bagay.
- How many books do you own?
- How many people are coming?
Ang very ay ginagamit bago ang isang pang-uri o pang-abay upang palakasin ang kahulugan nito. Nangangahulugan ito ng “sa mataas na antas.”
- The coffee is very hot.
- She speaks very slowly.
Kailan gagamitin
Gamitin ang how much upang magtanong tungkol sa dami ng isang bagay na hindi mabilang.
Kabilang sa mga karaniwang hindi mabilang na pangngalan ang:
-
water
-
milk
-
money
-
time
-
information
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rice
-
sugar
-
work
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How much money do you need?
-
How much rice should I cook?
Gamitin ang how many upang magtanong tungkol sa bilang ng mga bagay na mabilang.
- How many chairs are in the room?
- How many emails did you receive?
Gamitin ang how much upang magtanong tungkol sa presyo ng isang bagay.
- How much is this jacket?
- How much are those shoes?
Gamitin ang very upang palakasin ang isang pang-uri.
- The room is very cold.
- That film was very interesting.
Gamitin ang very upang palakasin ang isang pang-abay.
- He drives very carefully.
- She finished very quickly.
Kayarian
Mga tanong na may how much
Gamitin:
how much + hindi mabilang na pangngalan + pantulong na pandiwa + paksa + pangunahing pandiwa?
| How much | Hindi mabilang na pangngalan | Pantulong na pandiwa | Paksa | Pangunahing pandiwa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| How much | water | do | you | drink? |
| How much | money | does | she | need? |
| How much | time | did | they | spend? |
Sa pandiwang be, gamitin:
how much + hindi mabilang na pangngalan + is/was + panaguri?
- How much milk is in the fridge?
- How much time was available?
Upang magtanong tungkol sa presyo, gamitin:
how much + is/are + pangngalan?
- How much is the ticket?
- How much are these bags?
Mga tanong na may how many
Gamitin:
how many + mabilang na pangngalan sa maramihan + pantulong na pandiwa + paksa + pangunahing pandiwa?
| How many | Pangngalang maramihan | Pantulong na pandiwa | Paksa | Pangunahing pandiwa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| How many | languages | do | you | speak? |
| How many | cars | does | he | own? |
| How many | photos | did | she | take? |
Sa pandiwang be, gamitin:
how many + mabilang na pangngalan sa maramihan + are/were + panaguri?
- How many students are in the class?
- How many people were at the meeting?
Mga pangungusap na may much at many
Ang much at many ay karaniwan sa mga negatibong pangungusap at mga tanong.
- We do not have much time.
- She does not have many friends.
- Do you drink much coffee?
- Are there many shops nearby?
Sa mga afirmatibong pangungusap, ang a lot of ay kadalasang mas natural.
- We have a lot of time.
- She has a lot of friends.
Mga pangungusap na may very
Gamitin:
very + pang-uri
- very cold
- very expensive
- very tired
Gamitin:
very + pang-abay
- very slowly
- very carefully
- very well
Sa isang kumpletong pangungusap:
paksa + pandiwa + very + pang-uri/pang-abay
- The test was very difficult.
- He answered very politely.
Huwag karaniwang gamitin ang very nang direkta bago ang isang pangngalan.
- a very interesting book
- not a very book
Mga halimbawa
- How much water do you drink every day?
- How much money did the trip cost?
- How much is this blue shirt?
- How many brothers do you have?
- How many people work in this office?
- How many apples should we buy?
- This bag is very heavy.
- She is very happy with her new job.
- He speaks English very well.
- The children walked very slowly.
Mga pagbubukod
Ang ilang mga pangngalan ay maaaring mabilang o hindi mabilang depende sa kahulugan nito.
- How much coffee do you drink?
- How many coffees did you order?
Sa unang pangungusap, ang coffee ay nangangahulugang ang inumin sa pangkalahatan. Sa pangalawang pangungusap, ang coffees ay nangangahulugang magkakahiwalay na tasa o servings.
Huwag karaniwang gamitin ang very sa mga pang-uri na mayroon nang matinding kahulugan.
Sa halip na very excellent, gamitin ang excellent.
Sa halip na very impossible, gamitin ang impossible.
Ang ilang mga matinding pang-uri ay maaaring palakasin gamit ang mga salitang tulad ng absolutely o completely.
- absolutely impossible
- completely empty
Mga karaniwang pagkakamali
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Mali: How many water do you drink? Tama: How much water do you drink? Paliwanag: Ang water ay isang hindi mabilang na pangngalan, kaya gamitin ang how much.
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Mali: How much books do you have? Tama: How many books do you have? Paliwanag: Ang books ay isang mabilang na pangngalan sa maramihan, kaya gamitin ang how many.
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Mali: How many money do you need? Tama: How much money do you need? Paliwanag: Ang money ay hindi mabilang sa Ingles.
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Mali: How much apples are there? Tama: How many apples are there? Paliwanag: Gamitin ang how many sa mga mabilang na pangngalan sa maramihan.
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Mali: How much is these shoes? Tama: How much are these shoes? Paliwanag: Gamitin ang are dahil ang shoes ay maramihan.
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Mali: She is very a friendly person. Tama: She is a very friendly person. Paliwanag: Ilagay ang very bago ang pang-uri, hindi bago ang artikulo.
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Mali: He drives very careful. Tama: He drives very carefully. Paliwanag: Gumamit ng pang-abay upang ilarawan kung paano nagmamaneho ang isang tao.
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Mali: I have much friends. Tama: I have many friends. Paliwanag: Gamitin ang many sa mga mabilang na pangngalan sa maramihan.