Gabay sa Grammar

Ano ito?

Ang there is at there are ay ginagamit upang sabihin na may isang bagay na umiiral o naroroon.

Gamitin ang there is sa:

• isang tao o bagay
• mga pangngalang hindi mabilang

Gamitin ang there are sa:

• dalawa o higit pang tao o bagay

Mga halimbawa:

• There is a book on the table.
• There is some milk in the fridge.
• There are three chairs in the room.

Ang maikling anyo ng there is ay there’s.

• There’s a café near my house.

Kailan gagamitin

Gamitin ang there is at there are upang:

• magpakilala ng bagong impormasyon
• ilarawan ang mga lugar
• sabihin kung ano ang magagamit
• sabihin kung ilang tao o bagay ang naroroon
• pag-usapan ang mga pangyayari o problema

Mga halimbawa:

• There is a bank next to the station.
• There are two bathrooms in the apartment.
• There is some food in the kitchen.
• There are many people outside.
• There is a problem with the computer.

Kayarian

Mga pangungusap na paturol

Gamitin:

there is + pangngalang isahan

• There is a shop nearby.
• There is one window in the room.

Gamitin:

there is + pangngalang hindi mabilang

• There is some water in the bottle.
• There is a lot of traffic today.

Gamitin:

there are + pangngalang maramihan

• There are two shops nearby.
• There are several windows in the room.

Mga pangungusap na negatibo

Gamitin:

there is not + pangngalang isahan o hindi mabilang

• There is not a pharmacy nearby.
• There is not much time.

Ang maikling anyo ay there isn’t.

Gamitin:

there are not + pangngalang maramihan

• There are not enough chairs.
• There are not any shops nearby.

Ang maikling anyo ay there aren’t.

Mga tanong

Gamitin:

Is there + pangngalang isahan o hindi mabilang?

• Is there a bathroom here?
• Is there any coffee left?

Gamitin:

Are there + pangngalang maramihan?

• Are there any questions?
• Are there two bedrooms?

Mga maikling sagot

• Is there a bank nearby? — Yes, there is.
• Is there any milk? — No, there isn’t.
• Are there any tickets left? — Yes, there are.
• Are there many people? — No, there aren’t.

Paggamit ng some at any

Gamitin ang some pangunahin sa mga pangungusap na paturol.

• There is some bread.
• There are some apples.

Gamitin ang any pangunahin sa mga pangungusap na negatibo at mga tanong.

• There isn’t any bread.
• Are there any apples?

Mga halimbawa

1. There is a supermarket near my house.
2. There are two cats in the garden.
3. There is some coffee in the kitchen.
4. There isn’t a bus stop on this street.
5. There aren’t any clean cups.
6. Is there a hotel near the airport?
7. Are there any messages for me?
8. There is a lot of traffic this morning.
9. There are several books on the desk.
10. There’s a meeting at three o’clock.

Mga eksepsiyon

Sa impormal na pananalita, ang there’s ay minsang ginagamit bago ang pangngalang maramihan.

• There’s two people outside.

Karaniwan ito sa pag-uusap, ngunit ang there are ang karaniwang anyo.

• There are two people outside.

Ang pariralang there is ay hindi nangangahulugang katulad ng it is.

• There is a café near the station. — May café na umiiral doon.
• It is near the station. — Ang isang kilalang tao o bagay ay malapit sa istasyon.

Gamitin ang there was at there were para sa nakaraan.

• There was a problem yesterday.
• There were many people at the event.

Mga karaniwang pagkakamali

1. Mali: There are a book on the table. Tama: There is a book on the table. Paliwanag: Gamitin ang there is sa pangngalang isahan.

2. Mali: There is two chairs in the room. Tama: There are two chairs in the room. Paliwanag: Gamitin ang there are sa mga pangngalang maramihan.

3. Mali: There are some milk in the fridge. Tama: There is some milk in the fridge. Paliwanag: Gamitin ang there is sa mga pangngalang hindi mabilang.

4. Mali: Is there any shops nearby? Tama: Are there any shops nearby? Paliwanag: Gamitin ang are there sa mga pangngalang maramihan.

5. Mali: There isn’t no food. Tama: There isn’t any food. Paliwanag: Iwasan ang dobleng negatibo. Gamitin ang any pagkatapos ng isn’t.

6. Mali: Are there a bathroom here? Tama: Is there a bathroom here? Paliwanag: Gamitin ang is there sa pangngalang isahan.

7. Mali: It is a problem with the door. Tama: There is a problem with the door. Paliwanag: Gamitin ang there is upang magpakilala ng isang bagay na umiiral.

8. Mali: There have many people outside. Tama: There are many people outside. Paliwanag: Gamitin ang there are, hindi there have, upang pag-usapan ang mga tao o bagay na naroroon.